FIG 1 .

Detection of HIV⁺ and HIV^exp CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes by flow cytometry. (A) Schematic of HIV⁺ and HIV^exp CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes. Cultures enriched for mature CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes are infected with HIV or left uninfected. The HIV-infected CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes cultured nonadherently in Teflon-coated flasks are heterogeneous, as are cells in infected individuals, consisting of CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes that are infected with HIV (HIV⁺ CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes) and cells that are exposed to HIV, viral proteins, and inflammatory mediators but remain uninfected (HIV^exp CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes). (B) Uninfected and HIV-infected mature CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes are identified by CD14 and CD16 expression. After gating on the CD14⁺ CD16⁺ cell population, HIV Gag gating is determined based on negative signal of the uninfected cells. Gating is applied to HIV-infected cells. This determines the HIV⁺ and HIV^exp CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocyte subsets. (C) Quantification of the percentage of HIV⁺ CD14⁺ CD16⁺ monocytes from 21 independent leukopak donors. Data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).