Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with postoperative AKI according to regions.
| Total | North | Southeast | Northwest | Southwest | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 1059 | 282 | 509 | 109 | 159 | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age group, years (x ± SD) | 59.3 ± 16.5 | 57.7 ± 17.2 | 59.2 ± 16.0 | 58.6 ± 16.6 | 63.1 ± 16.6 | 0.013 |
| Male, n (%) | 711 (67.1%) | 187 (66.3%) | 336 (66.0%) | 83 (76.2%) | 105 (66.0%) | 0.214 |
| Medical history, n(%) | ||||||
| Previous CVD | 236 (22.3%) | 80 (28.4%) | 106 (20.8%) | 14 (12.8%) | 36 (22.6%) | 0.006 |
| Previous HT | 386 (36.5%) | 116 (41.1%) | 177 (34.8%) | 36 (33.0%) | 57 (35.9%) | 0.276 |
| Previous DM | 169 (16.0%) | 50 (17.7%) | 67 (13.2%) | 16 (14.7%) | 36 (22.6%) | 0.029 |
| Pre-exsisting CKD | 172 (16.2%) | 54 (19.2%) | 73 (14.3%) | 12 (11.0%) | 33 (20.8%) | 0.053 |
| Malignancy | 327 (30.9%) | 97 (34.4%) | 163 (32.0%) | 28 (25.7%) | 39 (24.5%) | 0.097 |
| Type of operations | ||||||
| Abdominal | 366 (34.6%) | 90 (31.9%) | 188 (36.9%) | 31 (28.4%) | 57 (35.9%) | 0.255 |
| Bone/injury | 128 (12.1%) | 16 (5.7%) | 66 (13.0%) | 18 (16.5%) | 28 (17.6%) | <0.001 |
| Thoracic | 82 (7.7%) | 15 (5.3%) | 43 (8.5%) | 11 (10.1%) | 13 (8.2%) | 0.314 |
| neurosurgery | 178 (16.8%) | 48 (17.0%) | 90 (17.7%) | 20 (18.4%) | 20 (12.6%) | 0.474 |
| others | 277 (26.2%) | 92 (32.6%) | 112 (22.0%) | 23 (21.0%) | 50 (31.5%) | 0.002 |
| Cause of AKI, n(%) | ||||||
| Pre-renal | 644 (60.8%) | 158 (56.0%) | 321 (63.1%) | 84 (77.1%) | 81 (50.9%) | <0.001 |
| Intrinsic-renal | 254 (24.0%) | 99 (35.1%) | 117 (23.0%) | 13 (11.9%) | 25 (15.7%) | <0.001 |
| Post-renal | 46 (4.3%) | 13 (4.6%) | 27 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (3.8%) | 0.049 |
| Unclassified | 115 (10.9%) | 12 (4.3%) | 44 (8.6%) | 12 (11.0%) | 47 (29.6%) | <0.001 |
| AKI stage, n(%) | 0.040 | |||||
| 1 | 507 (47.9%) | 141 (50.0%) | 238 (46.8%) | 42 (38.5%) | 86 (54.1%) | |
| 2 | 298 (28.1%) | 69 (24.5%) | 146 (28.7%) | 34 (31.2%) | 49 (30.8%) | |
| 3 | 254 (24.0%) | 72 (25.5%) | 125 (24.6%) | 33 (30.3%) | 24 (15.1%) | |
| Treatment of AKI, n(%) | ||||||
| Specialist consultant | ||||||
| Renal referral | 144 (13.6%) | 33 (11.7%) | 68 (13.4%) | 17 (15.6%) | 26 (16.4%) | 0.516 |
| RRT | 58 (5.5%) | 16 (5.7%) | 27 (5.3%) | 6 (5.5%) | 9 (5.7%) | 0.996 |
| RRT indication | 105 (9.9%) | 26 (9.2%) | 49 (9.6%) | 6 (5.5%) | 24 (15.1%) | 0.062 |
| Hospital stay | 22 (13–36) | 27 (14–48) | 20 (13–33) | 22 (14–34) | 21 (11–36) | 0.002 |
| In-hospital mortality, n(%)* | 180 (17.4%) | 48 (17.1%) | 76 (15.5%) | 22 (20.4%) | 34 (21.9%) | 0.244 |
| Renal prognosis,n(%) | ||||||
| Recovery | 702 (66.3%) | 183 (64.9%) | 333 (65.4%) | 81 (74.3%) | 105 (66.0%) | 0.313 |
| Recurred* | 57 (5.6%) | 25 (9.4%) | 24 (4.9%) | 3 (3.0%) | 5 (3.1%) | 0.014 |
| Maintenance RRT* | 16 (41.0%) | 4 (28.6%) | 7 (43.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (62.5%) | 0.341 |
| Diagnosis* | 0.429 | |||||
| Omission diagnosis, n(%) | 874 (83.0%) | 239 (85.4%) | 413 (81.5%) | 94 (86.2%) | 128 (81.5%) | |
| Delayed diagnosis, n(%) | 56 (5.3%) | 10 (3.6%) | 30 (5.9%) | 5 (4.6%) | 11 (7.0%) | |
| Immediate diagnosis, n(%) | 123 (11.7%) | 31 (11.1%) | 64 (12.6%) | 10 (9.2%) | 18 (11.5%) | |
*Data missing for in-hospital mortality in 24 cases (1 in north vs 18 in northwest vs 1 in southeast vs 4 in southwest), for recurred renal prognosis in 44 cases (15 vs 19 vs 10 vs 0), for maintenance RRT of renal prognosis in 1020 cases (268 vs 493 vs 108 vs 151), and for diagnosis in 6 cases (2 vs 2 vs 0 vs 2).