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. 2017 Oct 24;7:13922. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14382-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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NADH and mitochondrial potential oscillate during cytoplasmic pH oscillations. (A) Time traces from 2 individual cells imaged with SEP-mRuby (pH) and NADH autofluorescence. (B) Phase difference between the pH oscillations and NADH oscillations. Each member of the histogram is the average phase difference from a single cell. (C) Average of many oscillations from a single cell in both pH (blue) and NADH (red) showing non-sinusoidal nature of the NADH autofluorescence. (D) Merged image showing cytoplasmic SEP (blue) and TMRM (red). Scale bar is 2 μm. (E) Time traces from 2 individual cells showing oscillations in pH (blue) and mitochondrial membrane potential (red). (F) Box plot of the TMRM intensity in mitochondria from oscillating (black boxes) and non-oscillating (blue boxes) cells from the same experiment before and 30 minutes after the addition of glucose. Red line indicates median, box indicates 75/25%, and black dashed lines indicate 90/10% of the maxima. Outliers were analyzed but not shown. *Represents a p value < 0.01 measured by an unpaired student t-test with unequal variance.