Table 2.
Odds ratios of maternal obstetric and delivery complications in relation to depression.
| Depressed N = 5064 | Non-depressed N = 20024 | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Hyperemesis | 1988 | (39.3) | 7117 | (35.5) | 1.17 (1.10–1.25)*** | 1.16 (1.08–1.25)*** |
| Gestational diabetes | 629 | (12.4) | 2440 | (12.2) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) |
| Preeclampsia/eclampsia | 112 | (2.2) | 439 | (2.2) | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 0.92 (0.73–1.17) |
| Abortion | 165 | (3.3) | 514 | (2.6) | 1.28 (1.07–1.53)** | 1.33 (1.10–1.61)** |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | 19 | (0.4) | 64 | (0.3) | 1.18 (0.70–1.96) | 1.12 (0.64–1.97) |
| Antepartum hemorrhage | 459 | (9.1) | 1734 | (8.7) | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 1.03 (0.92–1.17) |
| Placental previa | 745 | (14.7) | 2851 | (14.2) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) |
| Placental abruption | 54 | (1.1) | 191 | (1.0) | 1.12 (0.83–1.52) | 1.05 (0.75–1.47) |
| Premature rupture membranes | 395 | (7.8) | 1491 | (7.5) | 1.05 (0.94–1.18) | 1.08 (0.95–1.22) |
| Chorioamnionitis | 30 | (0.6) | 99 | (0.5) | 1.20 (0.80–1.81) | 0.94 (0.58–1.54) |
| Postpartum Hemorrhage | 185 | (3.7) | 688 | (3.4) | 1.07 (0.90–1.26) | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) |
| Preterm labor /delivery | 325 | (6.4) | 1080 | (5.4) | 1.20 (1.06–1.37)** | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) |
| Malpresentation | 622 | (12.3) | 2101 | (10.5) | 1.20 (1.07–1.31)*** | 1.20 (1.08–1.33)*** |
| Low birth weight | 130 | (2.6) | 488 | (2.4) | 1.06 (0.87–1.28) | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) |
| Normal spontaneous delivery | 3000 | (59.2) | 13033 | (65.1) | 0.78 (0.73–0.83)*** | 0.80 (0.74–0.85)*** |
| Cesarean Section | 2036 | (40.2) | 6924 | (34.6) | 1.27 (1.19–1.36)*** | 1.25 (1.16–1.34)*** |
| Vacuum Extraction/Forceps | 430 | (8.5) | 1768 | (8.8) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) |
| Intrauterine fetal death | 37 | (0.7) | 87 | (0.4) | 1.69 (1.15–2.48)** | 1.69 (1.12–2.56)* |
Adjusted odds ratio was estimated using logistic regression controlling for age, geographic region, chronic hypertension, hyperthyroidism, anemia and medication. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.