Table 3.
Age-specific odds ratios of maternal obstetric complications in relation to depression.
| Age, years | Depressed N = 5064 | Non-depressed N = 20024 | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | Crude | Adjusted | |
| <25 yr N | 578 | 2311 | ||||
| Hyperemesis | 265 | (45.9) | 904 | (39.1) | 1.31 (1.09–1.57)** | 1.29 (1.05–1.59)* |
| Abortion | 18 | (3.1) | 62 | (2.7) | 1.17 (0.68–1.99) | 1.16 (0.63–2.13) |
| Malpresentation | 53 | (9.2) | 154 | (6.7) | 1.41 (1.02–1.96)* | 1.48 (1.03–2.13)* |
| Normal spontaneous delivery | 399 | (69.0) | 1779 | (77.0) | 0.67 (0.55–0.82)*** | 0.63 (0.50–0.78)*** |
| Cesarean Section | 175 | (30.3) | 528 | (22.9) | 1.47 (1.20–1.80)*** | 1.58 (1.26–1.98)*** |
| Intrauterine fetal death | 3 | (0.5) | 6 | (0.3) | 2.00 (0.50–8.04) | 1.72 (0.34–8.61) |
| 25–34 yr N | 3698 | 14792 | ||||
| Hyperemesis | 1471 | (39.8) | 5391 | (36.5) | 1.15 (1.07–1.24)*** | 1.14 (1.05–1.23)** |
| Abortion | 127 | (3.4) | 370 | (2.5) | 1.39 (1.13–1.70)** | 1.46 (1.17–1.82)*** |
| Malpresentation | 460 | (12.4) | 1536 | (10.4) | 1.23 (1.10–1.37)*** | 1.25 (1.11–1.41)*** |
| Normal spontaneous delivery | 2237 | (60.5) | 9831 | (66.5) | 0.77 (0.72–0.83)*** | 0.79 (0.72–0.85)*** |
| Cesarean Section | 1448 | (39.2) | 4914 | (33.2) | 1.29 (1.20–1.39)*** | 1.27 (1.17–1.38)*** |
| Intrauterine fetal death | 24 | (0.7) | 61 | (0.4) | 1.58 (0.98–2.53) | 1.63 (0.98–2.71) |
| > = 35 yr N | 788 | 2921 | ||||
| Hyperemesis | 252 | (32.0) | 822 | (28.1) | 1.20 (1.01–1.42)* | 1.17 (0.97–1.40) |
| Abortion | 20 | (2.5) | 82 | (2.8) | 0.90 (0.55–1.48) | 0.93 (0.55–1.56) |
| Malpresentation | 109 | (13.8) | 411 | (14.1) | 0.98 (0.78–1.23) | 0.99 (0.77–1.26) |
| Normal spontaneous delivery | 364 | (46.2) | 1423 | (48.7) | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 0.92 (0.77–1.09) |
| Cesarean Section | 413 | (52.4) | 1482 | (50.7) | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 1.04 (0.88–1.24) |
| Intrauterine fetal death | 10 | (1.3) | 20 | (0.7) | 1.86 (0.87–4.00) | 1.88 (0.84–4.20) |
Adjusted odds ratio was estimated using logistic regression controlling for geographic region, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, anemia and medication.
Interaction between age and depression was significant for Cesarean section (p = 0.03), but not for hyperemesis (p = 0.44), abortion (p = 0.25), malpresentation (p = 0.12), normal spontaneous delivery (p = 0.06) and intrauterine fetal death (p = 0.90).