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. 2017 Oct 24;7:13859. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14313-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tissue culture models of SMA show enhanced levels of exosomes in the medium. Exosomes were isolated from control (MN1, MEF^WT, normal control human fibroblasts) and SMN protein-depleted cell culture models (MN1-kdSMN, MEF^2B/− and SMA type I fibroblasts) using Exoquick. Panels A, C and E: Equivalent volumes of the isolated exosomes were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by immunoblot for SMN, or exosome markers Alix, flotillin, or Tsg101. Panels B, D, and F: The concentration of exosomes in the samples was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Data is representative of n = 3–4, and is presented as average particle concentration and standard deviation, normalized to the control for each cell type. An asterisk (*) indicates p < 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired Student’s t-test. Exosomes were isolated from cells grown in medium supplemented with microvesicle-depleted FBS.