TABLE 5.
Carbohydrate compounds with weak or no inhibitory activity against merozoite invasion in growth inhibition assaysa
| Inhibitor (reference) | % inhibition (SD) |
|---|---|
| Weak inhibitors | |
| Alginic sulfateb | 35 (0) |
| Ardeparin | 62 (1) |
| Certoparin | 65 (4) |
| Curdlan sulfate (10) | 30 (0) |
| Dalteparin (LMM heparin) | 70 (5) |
| De-N-sulfated enoxiparin | 66 (0) |
| Enoxiparin (LMM heparin) | 63 (5) |
| Ghatti sulfatec | 73 (3) |
| Hypromellose sulfate | 20 (1) |
| Locust bean gum sulfatec | 46 (3) |
| N-Ac enoxaparin | 21 (1) |
| Pectin sulfateb | 28 (3) |
| Pullulan sulfate | 41 (6) |
| Reviparin | 60 (0) |
| Sulodexide | 37 (2) |
| Tinzaparin | 70 (6) |
| Tylose sulfate | 23 (1) |
| Noninhibitors | |
| Chitosan sulfatec | 19 (2) |
| CSA | 1.2 (3) |
| CSC (7) | 0.8 (2) |
| Curdlan sulfateb (10) | 11 (0) |
| Danaparoid | 4 (1) |
| De-N-Ac chitosan | 0 (1) |
| De-N-Ac CSC | 0 (1) |
| Ethyl cellulose sulfate | 4 (8) |
| Gum rosin sulfate | 3 (2) |
| Hyaluronic acid | 0 (3) |
| Heparan sulfate | 6 (6) |
| Hydroxyethyl cellulose sulfate | 0 (0) |
| Methylcellulose sulfate | 0 (0) |
| N-Propylated heparin (porcine) | 3 (1) |
| Propylmethyl sulfate | 0 (3) |
| Scleroglucan sulfatec | 0 (0) |
| Starch sulfate | 13.3 (1) |
| Storax sulfate | 10 (1) |
| Xanthan sulfate | 6 (3) |
a
The compounds were tested in growth inhibition assays at 2, 10, 20, and 100 μg/ml. Weakly inhibitors had estimated IC50s of between 20 and 100 μg/ml, and noninhibitors showed <20% growth inhibition at 100 μg/ml. The inhibitory activity at 100 μg/ml is indicated. Data are means ± SEMs from two assays performed in duplicate. Abbreviations: CS, chondroitin sulfate; LMM, low molecular mass; N-Ac, N-acetylated; de-N-Ac, de-N-acetylated.
b
Prepared using piperidine-N-sulfonic acid.
c
Prepared using pyridine sulfur trioxide complex.