TABLE 4.
Effects of 81 natural extracts on biofilm formationa
| Category | Natural product identifier | Biofilm thickness (μm) | % change in biofilm thickness | BYCP formation score | Hypha formation score | Vertical hypha orientation score | Hyphal bend pointb | Pseudohyphal formation score | ECM staining score | PMN impenet.c score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (without DMSO) | 160 ± 16 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 70 | − | ++++ | ++++ | ||
| Significantly thicker (n = 10) | 84666 | 186 ± 9 | +16 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 88 | − | ++++ | ++++ |
| 84705 | 188 ± 10 | +18 | +++ | ++++ | ++++ | 83 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84706 | 192 ± 9 | +20 | +++ | ++++ | +++ | 85 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84708 | 210 ± 8 | +31 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 76 | − | +++ | ++ | |
| 84711 | 218 ± 11 | +36 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 62 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84714 | 210 ± 6 | +31 | ++++ | ++ | ++ | 39 | ++ | ++ | ++++ | |
| 84716 | 208 ± 11 | +30 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 84 | + | ++ | ++ | |
| 84718 | 238 ± 11 | +49 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 60 | − | ++++ | +++ | |
| 84724 | 218 ± 11 | +36 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 70 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84741 | 220 ± 14 | +38 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 62 | − | +++ | ++++ | |
| Significantly thinner (n = 25) | 84660 | 118 ± 6 | −26 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 64 | − | ++++ | ++++ |
| 84663 | 132 ± 5 | −18 | +++ | ++++ | ++++ | 67 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84664 | 82 ± 0 | −49 | − | ++++ | ++ | 49 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84672 | 78 ± 0 | −51 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 85 | − | ++ | ++++ | |
| 84675 | 84 ± 2 | −48 | ++++ | ++ | +++ | 93 | ++ | ++ | − | |
| 84676 | 98 ± 2 | −39 | ++++ | ++ | +++ | 94 | ++ | + | − | |
| 84677 | 96 ± 3 | −40 | ++++ | ++ | +++ | 75 | + | ++ | − | |
| 84678 | 116 ± 7 | −28 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 81 | − | +++ | ++++ | |
| 84679 | 118 ± 0 | −26 | − | ++++ | +++ | 68 | − | +++ | ++++ | |
| 84682 | 122 ± 9 | −24 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 66 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84690 | 126 ± 10 | −15 | − | ++++ | ++ | 32 | − | ++ | + | |
| 84694 | 98 ± 4 | −39 | − | ++++ | ++ | 78 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84695 | 68 ± 2 | −58 | ++ | ++ | ++ | 44 | − | ++ | − | |
| 84696 | 112 ± 9 | −30 | − | ++++ | ++ | 45 | − | +++ | + | |
| 84697 | 126 ± 6 | −21 | ++++ | ++++ | ++ | 59 | − | +++ | ++++ | |
| 84699 | 135 ± 7 | −20 | − | ++++ | ++++ | 91 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84701 | 100 ± 7 | −38 | − | ++ | + | 0 | ++ | +++ | − | |
| 84702 | 120 ± 6 | −25 | +++ | ++++ | ++ | 74 | − | +++ | ++ | |
| 84707 | 120 ± 14 | −25 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 80 | − | +++ | ++ | |
| 84713 | 116 ± 6 | −28 | ++ | ++++ | ++ | 59 | ++ | ++ | + | |
| 84719 | 130 ± 8 | −19 | ++++ | ++++ | ++ | 58 | − | ++ | + | |
| 84720 | 120 ± 9 | −25 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 60 | − | ++ | + | |
| 84727 | 60 ± 8 | −63 | − | +++ | + | 20 | − | ++ | − | |
| 84737 | 120 ± 6 | −25 | + | +++ | ++ | 65 | − | +++ | ++ | |
| 84740 | 120 ± 6 | −25 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 70 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| Similar thickness (n = 46) | 84657 | 140 ± 9 | −13 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 77 | − | ++++ | ++++ |
| 84658 | 172 ± 8 | +8 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 79 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84659 | 162 ± 4 | 0 | +++ | ++++ | ++++ | 77 | − | +++ | +++ | |
| 84661 | 150 ± 4 | −6 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 80 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84662 | 156 ± 5 | −3 | ++++ | +++ | +++ | 55 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84665 | 144 ± 6 | −10 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 83 | − | +++ | ++++ | |
| 84667 | 140 ± 80 | −12 | +++ | ++++ | ++ | 67 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84668 | 146 ± 3 | −8 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 82 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84669 | 180 ± 8 | +13 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 81 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84670 | 156 ± 13 | −1 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 60 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84671 | 160 ± 6 | 0 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 61 | − | ++++ | ++ | |
| 84673 | 156 ± 2 | −4 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 83 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84674 | 142 ± 10 | −11 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 73 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84680 | 154 ± 7 | −4 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 68 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84681 | 142 ± 15 | −11 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 85 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84683 | 150 ± 2 | −6 | − | ++++ | +++ | 69 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84684 | 144 ± 5 | −10 | +++ | ++++ | +++ | 74 | − | +++ | +++ | |
| 84685 | 156 ± 10 | −3 | +++ | ++++ | ++ | 74 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84686 | 156 ± 8 | −2 | +++ | ++++ | ++ | 77 | − | +++ | ++++ | |
| 84688 | 146 ± 3 | −9 | − | ++++ | +++ | 75 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84689 | 168 ± 12 | +5 | − | ++++ | +++ | 87 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84691 | 142 ± 7 | −11 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 82 | − | ++ | − | |
| 84692 | 164 ± 6 | +3 | ++ | ++++ | +++ | 85 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84693 | 176 ± 6 | +10 | ++++ | +++ | ++ | 92 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84698 | 166 ± 0 | +4 | − | ++++ | ++ | 48 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84700 | 148 ± 8 | −8 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 82 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84703 | 180 ± 5 | +13 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 58 | + | ++ | ++ | |
| 84704 | 138 ± 3 | −14 | ++++ | +++ | +++ | 70 | + | ++ | ++ | |
| 84715 | 160 ± 6 | 0 | ++++ | ++ | ++ | 64 | ++ | ++ | + | |
| 84717 | 130 ± 11 | −19 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 62 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84721 | 174 ± 12 | +9 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 80 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84722 | 176 ± 12 | +10 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 68 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84723 | 170 ± 8 | +6 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 88 | − | +++ | ++ | |
| 84725 | 160 ± 14 | 0 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 75 | − | ++++ | ++ | |
| 84726 | 186 ± 10 | +16 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 91 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84728 | 174 ± 6 | +9 | ++++ | +++ | ++++ | 71 | − | +++ | +++ | |
| 84730 | 150 ± 11 | −6 | ++++ | ++ | ++ | 81 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84731 | 170 ± 11 | +6 | ++++ | ++++ | ++ | 60 | − | ++ | ++ | |
| 84732 | 154 ± 6 | −3 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 70 | − | +++ | ++++ | |
| 84734 | 151 ± 10 | −6 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 79 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84735 | 140 ± 7 | −13 | ++++ | ++++ | ++ | 61 | − | ++ | − | |
| 84736 | 140 ± 8 | −13 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 84 | − | ++ | − | |
| 84738 | 164 ± 9 | +3 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 87 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84739 | 166 ± 10 | +4 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 82 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84742 | 180 ± 11 | +13 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | 78 | − | ++++ | ++++ | |
| 84743 | 180 ± 11 | +13 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | 22 | − | ++ | ++++ |
The origins of the extracts are provided in Table 3.
The hypha bend point is the percentage of the hyphal length in the distal direction at which hyphae bend.
PMN impenet., polymorphonuclear leukocyte impenetrability.