FIG 4.

Mitochondrial membrane peroxidation occurs in the presence of terbinafine, amphotericin B, and H₂O₂. Oxidation of MitoPerOx in A. fumigatus mycelia by antifungal drugs and oxidizing agents occurred after 3 min (A), 15 min (B), or 30 min (C). A. fumigatus wild type was cultivated overnight in AMM at 37°C in microtiter plates. Mitochondrial complex I was inhibited by the addition of 75 μM rotenone 1 h before treatment with stressors. Itraconazole (ITC; 4 mg/liter), terbinafine (TRB; 4 mg/liter), and amphotericin B (AMB; 2.5 mg/liter) were added after staining of mycelia with a 0.75 μM solution of MitoPerOx. Next, 10 mM H₂O₂, 0.1 mM menadione (Men), and 0.5 mg/liter caspofungin (Cas) were added after staining.