Table 1. Demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics of VBM studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Sample (male) | Age (SD) | UPDRS-III (SD) | H&Y stage (SD) | Duration (SD) | MMSE (SD) | FAB (SD) | Scanner | Software | FWHM | Threshold | Quality# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brenneis et al. (2004) | PSP 12 (NA)HC 12 (NA) | 67.5 (6.6)60 (5.8) | 38.9 (10.9) | NA | 2.7 (0.9) | NA | NA | 1.5T | SPM99 | 10 | p < 0.05corrected | 8.5 |
| Price et al. (2004) | PSP 12 (7)HC 12 (8) | 65.3 (5.8)67.4 (4.6) | 20.4 (8.7) | NA | 4.8 (1.7) | 27 (3.3) | 12.4 (3.1) | 1.5T | SPM99 | 8 | p < 0.05corrected | 9.5 |
| Cordato et al. (2005) | PSP 21 (14)HC 23 (14) | 70.3 (6.4)71.5 (7.2) | 23.1 (10.1) | 3.8 (1.1) | 4.0 (2.8) | 25.4 (3.2) | NA | 1.5T | SPM99 | 12 | p < 0.05corrected | 9.5 |
| Boxer et al. (2006) | PSP 15 (9)HC 80 (37) | 70.9 (6.9)67.9 (8.6) | NA | 3.3 (0.5) | 4.8 (1.7) | 24.0 (3.2) | NA | 1.5T | SPM2 | 12 | p < 0.05corrected | 8.5 |
| Padovani et al. (2006) | PSP 14 (7)HC 14 (7) | 73 (5.6)65.6 (4.1) | 22.1 (8.9) | NA | 3.1 (1.0) | 25.8 (2.7) | NA | 1.5T | SPM2 | 10 | p < 0.005corrected | 9.0 |
| Agosta et al. (2010) | PSP 20 (14)HC 24 (13) | 64.9 (NA)63.8 (NA) | 32.8 (NA) | 3.0 (NA) | 4.5 (NA) | 27.0 (NA) | NA | 1.5T | SPM5 | 8 | p < 0.001uncorrected | 9.0 |
| Lehericy et al. (2010) | PSP 10 (6)HC 9 (5) | 66.9 (6.4)66.5 (4.8) | 30 (NA) | NA | 4.3 (1.0) | 27 (NA) | 11.5 (NA) | 1.5T | SPM5 | 8 | p < 0.05corrected | 8.5 |
| Takahashi et al. (2011) | PSP 16 (11)HC 20 (16) | 64.6 (6.4)64.8 (6.4) | NA | NA | NA | 21.0 (4.4) | NA | 1.5T | SPM8 | 8 | p < 0.001uncorrected | 8.5 |
| Ghosh et al. (2012) | PSP 23 (14)HC 22 (15) | 71.1 (8.6)71.4 (7.6) | 33.8 (15.7) | NA | 2.5 (NA) | NA | NA | 3.0T | SPM5 | NA | p < 0.05corrected | 9.0 |
| Giordano et al. (2013) | PSP 15 (8)HC 15 (8) | 68.91 (1.2)65.5 (6.1) | 38.33 (4) | 3.80 (1.1) | 3.16 (1.3) | 21.23 (1.2) | 7.81 (0.9) | 3.0T | SPM8 | 8 | p < 0.05corrected | 9.5 |
| Kamiya et al. (2013) | PSP 16 (10)HC 21 (12) | 71.4 (6.0)70.9 (8.0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.5T | SPM5 | 8 | p < 0.001uncorrected | 9.0 |
| Lagarde et al. (2013) | PSP 19 (7)HC 18 (7) | 65.9 (6.5)67.8 (5.2) | NA | NA | 4.5 (1.8) | 25.5 (2.7) | 11.3 (2) | 3.0T | SPM8 | 8 | p < 0.05corrected | 9.0 |
| Whitwell et al. (2013) | PSP 16 (8)HC 20 (4) | 72.1 (4.6)73.9 (6.3) | 52.9 (12.6) | NA | 4.0 (1.1) | 25.8 (2.7) | 12.9 (2.2) | 3.0T | SPM5 | 8 | p < 0.05corrected | 9.0 |
| Sandhya et al. (2014) | PSP 10 (9)HC 8 (5) | NANA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.0T | SPM8 | NA | p < 0.001uncorrected | 8.0 |
| Burciu et al. (2015) | PSP 20 (10)HC 20 (10) | 67.8 (7.1)64.8 (8.8) | 39.0 (14.5) | 2.6 (0.9) | 2.6 (2.6) | NA | NA | 3.0T | SPM8 | NA | p < 0.05corrected | 9.0 |
| Piattella et al. (2015) | PSP 16 (9)HC 16 (6) | 68.08 (5.9)69.4 (0.4) | 27.0 (17.4) | 2.9 (1.0) | 3.1 (NA) | 24.3 (3.9) | 11.1 (3.8) | 3.0T | SPM8 | 12 | p < 0.05corrected | 9.5 |
| Wang et al. (2015) | PSP 24 (8)HC 23 (14) | 64.17 (6.72)60.52 (6.47) | NA | 3.1 (NA) | 3.87 (2.62) | 23.54 (4.28) | NA | 3.0T | SPM8 | 6 | p < 0.001corrected | 8.5 |
| Santos-Santos et al. (2016) | PSP 5 (1) HC 10 (3) | 71.5 (NA)74 (NA) | NA | NA | 4 (NA) | 28 (NA) | NA | NA | SPM12 | NA | p<0.001uncorrected | 8.0 |
Key: VBM, Voxel-Based Morphometry; PSP, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; HC, Healthy Controls; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-motor examination; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr disability scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; NA, Not Available; SPM, Statistical Parametric Mapping; FWHM, Full Width Half Maximum, SD, Standard Deviation; #, a maximum score of 10 for each study.