Table 3. Hazard ratios of outcome in association with sex, age, and comorbidities in univariable and multivariable competing risk (death) model.
| Acute pancreatitis | Cholangitis | Peptic ulcer bleeding | Cirrhosis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Crude SHR† (95% CI) | Adjusted SHR‡ (95% CI) | Crude SHR† (95% CI) | Adjusted SHR‡ (95% CI) | Crude SHR† (95% CI) | Adjusted SHR‡ (95% CI) | Crude SHR† (95% CI) | Adjusted SHR‡ (95% CI) |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 2.37 (1.97, 2.86)*** | 2.36 (1.95, 2.84)*** | 2.27 (1.82, 2.83)*** | 2.41 (1.93, 3.01)*** | 2.42 (2.18, 2.68)*** | 2.41 (2.17, 2.67)*** | 1.41 (1.18, 1.69)*** | 1.39 (1.16, 1.66)*** |
| Gender (Women vs Men) | 1.28 (1.07, 1.55)** | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 1.29 (1.07, 1.55)** | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 1.43 (1.29, 1.58)*** | 1.38 (1.25, 1.53)*** | 1.47 (1.25, 1.72)*** | 1.31 (1.12, 1.53)*** |
| Age, per year | 1.01 (1.01,1.01)*** | 1.01 (1.01, 1.01)*** | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02)*** | 1.01 (1.01, 1.01)*** | 1.04 (1.03, 1.04)*** | 1.03 (1.03,1.04)*** | 1.02 (1.02, 1.02)*** | 1.02 (1.02, 1.02)*** |
| Baseline comorbidities (yes vs no) | ||||||||
| CKD | 1.78 (1.49, 2.13)*** | 1.67 (1.28, 2.18)*** | 1.77 (1.48, 2.12)*** | 1.66 (1.27, 2.17)*** | 2.25 (2.05, 2.48)*** | 2.30 (2.01, 2.62)*** | 2.56 (2.20, 2.97)*** | 2.72 (2.20, 3.35)*** |
| ESRD | 1.53 (1.28, 1.83)*** | 1.08 (0.83, 1.41) | 1.53 (1.28, 1.83)*** | 1.08 (0.83, 1.42) | 1.73 (1.58, 1.91)*** | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | 1.79 (1.55, 2.08)*** | 0.78 (0.64, 1.00) |
| GB stone disease | 4.16 (3.37, 5.13)*** | 3.97 (3.21, 4.90)*** | 4.11 (3.33, 5.07)*** | 3.90 (3.16, 4.82)*** | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) | - | 1.15 (0.89, 1.50) | - |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.28 (0.98, 1.67) | - | 1.28 (0.98, 1.67) | - | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) | - | 0.80 (0.61, 1.04) | - |
| Obesity | - | - | - | - | 1.80 (0.45, 7.20) | - | - | - |
| Diabetes | 1.32 (1.06, 1.63)* | 1.22 (0.98, 1.51) | 1.32 (1.06, 1.63)* | 1.22 (0.98, 1.51) | 1.14 (1.02, 1.28)* | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 0.91 (0.74, 1.10) | - |
| Alcoholism | 5.66 (3.79, 8.44)*** | 5.62 (3.71, 8.50)*** | 5.39 (3.61, 8.05)*** | 5.38 (3.56, 8.14)*** | 1.87 (1.27, 2.76)** | 1.84 (1.25, 2.72)*** | 4.96 (3.45, 7.15)*** | 5.10 (3.52, 7.39)*** |
| Chronic HBV infection | 1.37 (0.88, 2.14) | - | 1.39 (0.89, 2.17) | - | 1.07 (0.80, 1.42) | - | 3.71 (2.89, 4.75)*** | 2.97 (2.31, 3.83)*** |
| Chronic HCV infection | 1.46 (0.94, 2.26) | - | 1.47 (0.95, 2.27) | - | 1.42 (1.11, 1.81)** | 1.19 (0.93, 1.52) | 4.48 (3.56, 5.64)*** | 3.46 (2.72, 4.39)*** |
| NAFLD | 1.60 (1.05, 2.43)* | 1.18 (0.77, 1.81) | 1.58 (1.04, 2.41)* | 1.21 (0.79, 1.86) | 1.03 (0.79, 1.34) | - | 1.03 (0.67, 1.57) | - |
† Crude SHR, relative subhazard ratio.
‡ aSHR: adjusted SHR. Covariables found significantly associated with outcome diseases in the univariable competing risk (death) model were further examined using the multivariable competing risk (death) model.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.