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. 2017 Oct 24;7:13939. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14170-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Complex furrows on the surface of the horn primordial. (a to d) Photos of a completely formed horn primordia dissected from larval (prepupal) head. (white scale bars indicate 2 mm) (a) Top of the cap region. Two concentric circles can be clearly recognized. (b) Underside of the cap region. (c and d) Side view and frontal view of the horn primordia, respectively. Lifting the cap of the horn primordia exposes the accordion-like folding pattern of the stalk (pink dotted lines). (e) Cryostat frontal section of a fully developed horn primordia: depth and pattern of the furrows differ among different regions. (f) Furrows at the top of the cap region are less deep, compared to furrows in other regions. (g) Many deep and branched furrows can be recognized at the underside of the cap. (h) Hoechst stained section of a horn primordia (region corresponds to window in (e). The border of the horn primordia is artificially outlined as a white line. (i) Magnified image of the region depicted by a window in (h). Cells are aligned along the surface of the furrows. No solid tissue is present inside the primordia (scale bar indicates 100 µm).