Figure 4.

Computer simulation of horn primordia unfolding. (a) Virtual horn primordia. (a’) Unfolded virtual horn primordia. The characteristic 3D shape of the pupal horn with the bifurcated distal tip and the long column shaped stalk is correctly simulated by the algorithm. (b–e) Various furrow patterns observed in vivo (each colored window corresponds to the colored windows in Fig. 2). (b’–e’) Virtual 3D furrow patterns representing in vivo patterns. (b”–e”) Computer simulation of 3D furrow pattern unfolding. Note that the shape of an unfolded structure depends largely on its initial furrow pattern.