Table 3. Independent predictors of POAF and SSI.
| POAF (+) | POAF (−) | p value | Analysis | SSI (+) | SSI (−) | p value | Analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 8) | (n = 11) | (n = 5) | (n = 71) | |||||
| Age (years) | 73.1 ± 6.9 | 65.4 ± 8.9 | 0.07 | MHU | 65.2 ± 6.1 | 66.7 ± 9.6 | 0.675 | MHU |
| Sex (male) | 7 (88%) | 8 (73%) | 0.60 | Fisher | 4 (80%) | 41 (58%) | 0.64 | Fisher |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 64 ± 5 | 70 ± 7 | 0.049* | MHU | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 4.2 | 24.7 ± 2.1 | 0.34 | MHU | 25.0 ± 1.8 | 22.6 ± 3.5 | 0.053 | MHU |
| PR interval (msec) | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.16 | MHU | ||||
| β-blocker use | 7 (88%) | 10 (91%) | >0.99 | Fisher | ||||
| Hypertension | 3 (38%) | 9 (82%) | 0.07 | Fisher | 3 (60%) | 32 (45%) | 0.66 | Fisher |
| Dyslipidemia | 6 (75%) | 8 (73%) | >0.99 | Fisher | 2 (40%) | 31 (44%) | >0.99 | Fisher |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (63%) | 4 (36%) | 0.37 | Fisher | 3 (60%) | 16 (23%) | 0.096 | Fisher |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 0.57 | MHU | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 0.02* | MHU |
| COPD | 1 (13%) | 2 (18%) | >0.99 | Fisher | 1 (20%) | 12 (17%) | >0.99 | Fisher |
| Smoking history | 6 (75%) | 9 (82%) | >0.99 | Fisher | 4 (80%) | 38 (54%) | 0.37 | Fisher |
| Hemodialysis | 1 (20%) | 1 (9%) | >0.99 | Fisher | 1 (20%) | 6 (8%) | 0.39 | Fisher |
| Severe renal dysfunction (GFR <30) | 2 (25%) | 3 (27%) | >0.99 | Fisher | 2 (40%) | 15 (21%) | 0.31 | Fisher |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 57.1 ± 10.3 | 59.3 ± 6.7 | 0.57 | MHU | 50.9 ± 18.2 | 63.3 ± 13.1 | 0.74 | MHU |
| IMA use | 3 (60%) | 25 (35%) | 0.35 | Fisher | ||||
| CPB use | 4 (80%) | 52 (73%) | >0.99 | Fisher | ||||
| Operative time (m) | 413 ± 116 | 375 ± 48 | 0.53 | MHU | 471 ± 127 | 451 ± 135 | 0.53 | MHU |
| CPB time (m) | 299 ± 47 | 264 ± 91 | 0.35 | MHU | ||||
| CA time (m) | 227 ± 40 | 178 ± 66 | 0.09 | MHU | ||||
| ICU length (day) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1 ± 0 | 0.53 | MHU | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 0.15 | MHU |
| CIII period (h) | 32.0 ± 14.8 | 37.6 ± 7.0 | 0.13 | MHU | 41.4 ± 11.4 | 37.0 ± 13.7 | 0.19 | MHU |
| RHI administration | ||||||||
| Mean (units/h) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.18 | MHU | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.34 | MHU |
| Max (units/h) | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.14 | MHU | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 0.28 | MHU |
| SQII period (h) | 124.9 ± 7.8 | 121.5 ± 7.5 | 0.38 | MHU | 119.2 ± 19.6 | 117.3 ± 10.8 | 0.60 | MHU |
*Value is statistically significant. POAF: postoperative atrial fibrillation; SSI: surgical site infection; MHU: Mann–Whitney U-test; Fisher: Fisher’s exact test; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; IMA: internal mammary artery; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; CA: cardiac arrest; ICU: intensive care unit; CIII: continuous intravenous insulin infusion; RHI: regular human insulin; SQII: subcutaneous insulin infusion