Table 1.

Overview of non-conventional yeast species, their industrially-relevant phenotypes, common uses in biotechnology, and comparison with S. cerevisiae.

Yeast	Beneficial Phenotype	Products	Reference
K. lactis	High protein secretion Growth on lactose	Proteins for food and feed industry Pharmaceutical enzymes	[4]
K. marxianus	Thermotolerance Fast growth characteristics High ethyl acetate production Growth on a range of sugars	Ethanol and volatile acetate esters	[5]
S. stipitis	High ethanol production from xylose	Ethanol fermentation from biomass derived carbohydrates	[21]
Y. lipolytica	Efficient production of lipids Growth on glycerol and alkanes	Lipids and oleochemicals	[12]
H. polymorpha	Thermotolerance Tightly regulated expression system Beneficial glycosylation for therapeutics	Heterologous protein High temperature ethanol fermentation	[17], [18]
P. pastoris	Tightly regulated expression system High cell density on minimal media Beneficial glycosylation for therapeutics Efficient production of membrane proteins	Pharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes	[18]
S. cerevisiae	High ethanol production High HR capacity Well known genomics and physiology Advanced synthetic biology tools	Ethanol in fermented beverages and as biofuel Commodity and specialty chemicals Pharmaceuticals	[2], [22]