Table 2.
Natural product extracts with anti-aging activities
| Complex or extracts | Source | Anti-aging activity and proposed anti-aging mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| With anti-aging activities in two aging models | ||
| Green tea extract | Green tea | In mice: 7.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [44] In D. melanogaster: 16.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [96] |
| Korean mistletoe water extract | Viscum album coloratum | In D. melanogaster: 20.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating Sir2 [259] In C. elegans: 10.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [259] |
| With anti-aging activities in rats or mice | ||
| A-type proanthocyanidins-rich cranberry extract | Cranberry | In mice: antioxidant [260] |
| Fungus Phellinus sp. polysaccharide | Fungus Phellinus sp. | In mice: antioxidant [261] |
| Polysaccharides of Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss | Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss | In mice: scavenging free radical and antioxidant [262] |
| Polysaccharides of Urtica | Urtica | In d-galactose-induced mice: antioxidant [263] |
| Cocoa polyphenolic extract | Acticoa powder | In rats: 11.0% increase in mean lifespan and retarding age-related brain impairments [264] |
| Nigella Sativa fixed oil | Nigella Sativa | In mice: reducing lipid peroxidation, Bax/Bcl2, and caspase-3 [265] |
| Exopolysaccharides of Agrocybe | Agrocybe cylindracea | In d-galactose-induced mice: antioxidant, reducing the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) and total cholesterol (TC) [266] |
| Neem leaves extract | Neem | In UVB-irradiated NHDFs, hairless mice: increasing TGF-β1, decreasing AP-1, ROS, and MAPK [267] |
| With anti-aging activities in Drosophila melanogaster | ||
| APPLE polyphenols | Apple | 10.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [268] |
| Cocoa | ~14.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [269] | |
| Cordyceps sinensis oral liquid | Traditional Chinese medicine | 32.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [270] |
| Cynomorium songaricum Rupr | Traditional Chinese medicine | 15.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [271] |
| Emblica officinalis (fruit) | Emblica officinalis | 6.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [272] |
| Rhizome powder of Rhodiola rosea | Rhodiola rosea | 17.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [273] |
| Curcuma longa (rhizome) | Curcuma longa | 18.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [272] |
| Oregano and cranberry extracts | Oregano and cranberry | ~43.0% in male and ~62.0% in female (full diet +2% OC) increase in mean lifespan and partly through DR-independent pathways [274] |
| Cinnamon extract | Cinnamon | 17.0% in male, 37.0% in female increase in mean lifespan and regulating insulin signaling [275] |
| Ludwigia octovalvis extract | Ludwigia octovalvis | 24.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating AMPK [276] |
| Jujube fruit | Jujube | 11.1% increase in mean lifespan and regulating FoxO [277] |
| Black tea extract | Black tea | 21.4% increase in mean lifespan and inhibiting the ageing-related accumulation of iron [278] |
| Cranberry anthocyanin extract | Cranberry | 10.0% increase in mean lifespan and up-regulation of SOD1 and down-regulation of MTH, InR, TOR and PEPCK [279] |
| Rosa damascena extract | Rosa damascena | 32.0% increase in mean lifespan and increasing sensitivity to heat [280] |
| With anti-aging activities in Caenorhabditis elegans | ||
| Acanthopanax sessiliflorusstem stem extract | Acanthopanax sessiliflorusstem stem | 16.8% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [281] |
| Angelica sinensis peptides | Angelica sinensis | ~20.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [282] |
| Apple procyanidins | Apple | 12.1% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [283] |
| Blueberry polyphenols | Blueberry | 28.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [284] |
| Extract from seed of Platycladus orientalis | Platycladus orientalis | 24.5% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [285] |
| Ginko biloba extract | Ginko biloba | 8.0–25.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [286] |
| HonTsai Tai extract | HonTsai Tai | 8.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [287] |
| KPG-7 | Herb mixture | 12.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [288] |
| Panax notoginseng Polysaccharides | Panax notoginseng | 21.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [289] |
| Tenebrio molitor extracts | Tenebrio molitor | 30.6% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [290] |
| Erchen wan | Traditional Chinese medicine | 22.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [291] |
| Huanshao dan | Traditional Chinese medicine | 38.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [291] |
| Liuwei dihuang wan | Traditional Chinese medicine | 13.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [291] |
| Shengmai yin | Traditional Chinese medicine | 47.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [291] |
| Shiquan dabu wan | Traditional Chinese medicine | 15.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [291] |
| Bletilla striata polysaccharide | Bletilla striata | ~20.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating IIS pathway [292] |
| Ethylacetate fraction from Ribes fasciculatum | Ribes fasciculatum | 16.3% increase in mean lifespan and regulating IIS pathway and SIR-2.1 [293] |
| Peptides from sesame cake | Sesame cake | 15.6% increase in mean lifespan and regulating SKN-1signaling [294] |
| Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide | Astragalus membranaceus | 24.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating DAF-16 [295] |
| Garlic extract | Garlic extract | 21.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating DAF-16 [296] |
| Reishi mushroom polysaccharide | Reishi mushroom | ~20.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating TIR-1 and DAF-16 [99] |
| Royal Jelly | Honeybee | 18.0% increase in mean lifespan and DAF-16 dependent [297, 298] |
| Ayurvedic polyherbal extract | Ayurvedic | 16.1% increase in mean lifespan and regulating DAF-2, SKN-1, SOD-3, GST-4, and DAF-16 [299] |
| Damnacanthus officinarum leaf extract | Damnacanthus officinarum | 19.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating neuroprotective activity [300] |
| Deuterohemin peptide | Peptides | 21.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant, regulating DR [301] |
| Eleutherococcus senticosus root extract | Eleutherococcus senticosus | 16.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant, regulating DAF-16 [302] |
| Lowbush cranberry | Lowbush cranberry | 22.0% increase in mean lifespan and altering mechanosensory neuron aging [303] |
| Mulberry leaf polyphenols | Mulberry leaf | 23.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating DAF-12, PHA-4, NHR-80, and DAF-16 [304] |
| Dauer-inducing Pheromone | Worms | 27.0% increase in mean lifespan and needs more research [305] |
| With anti-aging activities in other aging models | ||
| Annurca apple extracts | Annurca apple | In S. cerevisiae: antioxidant, antiapoptotic [306] |
| Red algal extracts | Red algal | In Brachionus manjavacas: 9.0% increase in mean lifespan and needs further research [307] |