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. 2017 May 31;7(5):335–404. doi: 10.1007/s13659-017-0135-9

Table 3.

Clinical medicine with anti-aging activities

CAS Chemicals Structure Clinical application Anti-aging activity and proposed anti-aging mechanism
With anti-aging activities in a variety of aging models
 58-08-2 Caffeine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figga_HTML.gif Psychoactive drug In rats: antioxidant, alleviating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration [75]
In zebrafish: 29.4% increase in mean lifespan and regulating proteostasis [74]
In C. elegans: 29.4% increase in mean lifespan and regulating IIS pathway and proteostasis [73]
 657-24-9 Metformin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgb_HTML.gif Treatment of type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome In rats: altering erythrocyte redox status [70]
In D. melanogaster: has not effect on fecundity or lifespan and activating AMPK, reducing lipid stores [72]
In C. elegans: 40.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating AMPK, LKB1, and SKN-1 [71]
 53123-88-9 Rapamycin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgc_HTML.gif Used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis In mice: 14.0% increase in mean lifespan for females and 9% for males and reducing mTOR activity [76–82]
In D. melanogaster: 13.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating TORC1 branch of the TOR pathway, through alterations to both autophagy and translation [83]
In C. elegans: 19.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating TOR, SKN-1 and DAF-16 [84]
With anti-aging activities in two aging models
 50-78-2 Aspirin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgd_HTML.gif Used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation In genetically heterogeneous male mice: 8.0% increase in mean lifespan and needs further research [135]
In C. elegans: 30.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant, regulating AMPK and insulin-like signaling pathway [183, 308]
 2086-83-1 Berberine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figge_HTML.gif Used to treat bacillary dysentery and gastroenteritis In aged mice: suppressing neuroinflammation, reducing vascular stiffness in aged mice through suppression of TRPV4 [309, 310]
In D. melanogaster: 46.0% increase in mean lifespan and inhibiting kynurenine (KYN) formation from tryptophan (TRP) [311]
 102518-79-6 Huperzine A graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgf_HTML.gif Treatment for neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease In d-galactose-induced mice: inhibiting DAMPs-mediated NF-κB nuclear localization and activation [312]
In C. elegans: 14.0% increase in mean lifespan and needs further research [285]
 10118-90-8 Minocycline graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgg_HTML.gif Antibiotic In D. melanogaster: 63.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [313]
In C. elegans: 29.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 114-86-3 Phenformin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgh_HTML.gif Antidiabetic In mice: 21.0% increase in mean lifespan and decreasing the body weight, slowing down the age-related decline of the reproductive function in female rats [314]
In C. elegans: 29.0% increase in mean lifespan and needs further research [315]
 59-02-9 Vitamin E graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgi_HTML.gif Vitamins In rats: reducing the oxidative stress increased in old age [316, 317]
In C. elegans: 23.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [318]
With anti-aging activities in rats or mice
 692-13-7 Buformin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgj_HTML.gif Antidiabetic In rats: 7.0% increase in mean lifespan in female and decreasing the body weight, slowing down the age-related decline of the reproductive function in female rats [314]
 73-31-4 Melatonin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgk_HTML.gif Regulating sleep and wakefulness In male Wistar: restoring rSocs1 rhythms and levels in various tissues [319]
 155974-00-8 Ivabradine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgl_HTML.gif Used for the symptomatic management of stable heart related chest pain and heart failure In C57BL/6 J mice: 6.0% increase in mean lifespan and reducing heart rate [320]
 56180-94-0 Acarbose graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgm_HTML.gif Antidiabetic In SAMP8 mice and male mice: 22.0% increase in mean lifespan and changing in the insulin system and the levels of BDNF, IGF-1R, and the pre-synaptic proteins Syt1 and Stx1 [321, 322]
 51384-51-1 Metoprolol graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgn_HTML.gif Used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain due to poor blood flow to the heart, and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate In mice: 10.0% increase in mean lifespan and needs further research [323]
 99200-09-6 Nebivolol graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgo_HTML.gif Treatment of hypertension In mice: 6.4% increase in mean lifespan and needs further research [323]
With anti-aging activities in Drosophila melanogaster
 13123-37-0 Riboflavin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgp_HTML.gif Vitamin 14.1% increase in mean lifespan and increasing SOD1 and CAT, inhibiting LF [324]
 84057-84-1 Lamotrigine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgq_HTML.gif Anticonvulsant 17.0% increase in mean lifespan and reducing locomotor activity and metabolic rate [325]
 1716-12-7 4-Phenyl-butyrate graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgr_HTML.gif Used to treat urea cycle disorder 40.0% increase in mean lifespan and increasing histone acetylation [326]
 52757-95-6 Sevelamer graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgs_HTML.gif Used to treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease 16.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating cellular and organismic phosphate levels [327]
 79902-63-9 Simvastatin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgt_HTML.gif Hypolipidemic 25.0% increase in mean lifespan and decreasing specific protein prenylation [328]
 871700-17-3 Trametinib graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgu_HTML.gif Anti-cancer 12.0% increase in mean lifespan and inhibiting Ras-Erk-ETS signaling [329]
 58880-19-6 Trichostatin A graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgv_HTML.gif Antifungal antibiotic 27.0% increase in mean lifespan and changing the level of histone acetylation, influencing the expression of hsp22 gene [330]
 57-27-2 Morphine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgw_HTML.gif Treatment of acute pain and chronic pain 22.0% increase in mean lifespan and needs further research [331]
With anti-aging activities in Caenorhabditis elegans
 14028-44-5 Amoxapine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgx_HTML.gif Antidepressant 33.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 298-57-7 Cinnarizine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgy_HTML.gif Treatment of vertigo, motion sickness, and vomiting 15.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 59865-13-3 Cyclosporin A graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figgz_HTML.gif Immunosuppressants 18.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 427-51-0 Cyproterone acetate graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figha_HTML.gif Antiandrogen and progestogen 23.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 17230-88-5 Danazol graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighb_HTML.gif Treatment of endometriosis 13.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 127-33-3 Demeclocycline hydrochloride graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighc_HTML.gif Antibiotic 16.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 564-25-0 Doxycycline graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighd_HTML.gif Antibiotic 18.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 10592-13-9 Doxycycline hydrochloride graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighe_HTML.gif Antibiotic 18.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 119431-25-3 Eliprodil graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighf_HTML.gif NMDA antagonist, treatment of acute ischemic stroke 16.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 23256-50-0 Guanabenz acetate graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighg_HTML.gif Antihypertensive 12.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 29110-48-3 Guanfacine hydrochloride graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighh_HTML.gif Treatment of hyperactivity 15.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 27833-64-3 Loxapine succinate graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighi_HTML.gif Antipsychotic 43.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 57149-08-3 Naftopidil di-hydrochloride graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighj_HTML.gif Antihypertensive 14.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 54527-84-3 Nicardipine hydrochloride graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighk_HTML.gif Used to treat high blood pressure and angina 23.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 39562-70-4 Nitrendipine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighl_HTML.gif Used in the treatment of primary (essential) hypertension to decrease blood pressure and can reduce the cardiotoxicity of cocaine 25.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 894-71-3 Nortriptyline hydrochloride graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighm_HTML.gif Tricyclic antidepressant 21.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 60607-34-3 Oxatomide graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighn_HTML.gif Anti-allergic 25.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 130-61-0 Thioridazine hydrochloride graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figho_HTML.gif Antipsychotic 31.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 2068-78-2 Vincristine sulfate graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighp_HTML.gif Anti-cancer 12.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant [176]
 97-59-6 Allantoin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighq_HTML.gif Used to treat gastric ulcer, duodenal bulb ulcer, chronic gastritis 21.9% increase in mean lifespan and caloric restriction mimetics [332]
 169590-42-5 Celecoxib graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighr_HTML.gif COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) It is used to treat the pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute pain 19.0% increase in mean lifespan and inhibiting insulin-like signaling [333]
 99-66-1 Valproic acid graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighs_HTML.gif Used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches 35.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating IIS pathway [334]
 103-90-2 Acetaminophen graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fight_HTML.gif Used to treat pain and fever 49.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating CBP-1 [224]
 69-52-3 Ampicillin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighu_HTML.gif Antibiotic 34.0% increase in mean lifespan and antimicrobial [284]
 41859-67-0 Bezafibrate graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighv_HTML.gif Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia 13.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating NHR-49/PPARalpha-dependent manner [335]
 637-07-0 Clofibrate graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighw_HTML.gif Lipid-lowering agent used for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood 16.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating NHR-49/PPARalpha-dependent manner [335]
 49562-28-9 Fenofibrate graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighx_HTML.gif Used to reduce cholesterol levels in people at risk of cardiovascular disease 19.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating NHR-49/PPARalpha-dependent manner [335]
 127-48-0 Trimethadione graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighy_HTML.gif Anticonvulsant 47.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating neuromuscular activity [336]
 42971-09-5 Vinpocetine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Fighz_HTML.gif Treatment of cerebrovascular disorders and age-related memory impairment 15.0% increase in mean lifespan and regulating PDE1 [176]
 59-30-3 Folic acid graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figia_HTML.gif Used to treat anemia caused by folic acid deficiency 27.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant, regulating SIR-2.1, SKN-1, and DAF-16 [337]
 77-67-8 Ethosuximide graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figib_HTML.gif Used to treat absence seizures 17.0% increase in mean lifespan and disrupting sensory function, regulating DAF-16 [336, 338, 339]
 50264-69-2 Lonidamine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figic_HTML.gif Anti-cancer 8.0% increase in mean lifespan and promoting longevity in a pmk-1sensitive manner by increasing formation of ROS [340]
 50-55-5 Reserpine graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figid_HTML.gif Antipsychotic, and antihypertensive 31.0% increase in mean lifespan and antioxidant, modulating acetylcholine release [341, 342]
 13292-46-1 Rifampicin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figie_HTML.gif Antibiotic 56.0% increase in mean lifespan and reducing advanced glycation end products and activating DAF-16 [343]
 6998-60-3 Rifamycin SV graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figif_HTML.gif Antibiotic 21.0% increase in mean lifespan and reducing advanced glycation end products and activating DAF-16 [343]
 723-46-6 Sulfa-methoxazole graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figig_HTML.gif Antibiotic 34.0% increase in mean lifespan and increasing lipid peroxidation oxidative stress [344]
 56-75-7 Chloram-phenicol graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figih_HTML.gif Antibiotic 16.0% increase in mean lifespan and needs further research [345]
With anti-aging activities in other aging models
 53-06-5 Cortisone graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figii_HTML.gif Used to reduce inflammation and attendant pain and swelling at the site of the injury In Asplanchna brightwelli: 21.0% increase in mean lifespan and stabilizing lysosomal membranes, or altering resource allocation by the rotifers [346]
 35891-70-4 Myriocin graphic file with name 13659_2017_135_Figij_HTML.gif Antibiotic ISP-1 and thermozymocidin In S. cerevisiae: activating the Snf1/AMPK pathway, down-regulating the protein kinase A (PKA) and target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathways [347]