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. 2017 Oct 1;17(10):962–970. doi: 10.1089/ast.2017.1703

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© Alberto G. Fairén et al., 2017; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.

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FIG. 1. — The new groups of Bacteria and Archaea discovered in 2015 (CPR and DPANN, respectively) greatly expand the known and characterized phyla in a more and more complex tree of life, in which entire new branches are still being identified. These new advances show that we will be knowledgeable enough as to know where to distinctly map in the tree of life potential microorganisms found on Mars. (Image courtesy J. Banfield). CPR, Candidate Phyla Radiation; DPANN, Diapherotrites, Parvarchaeota, Aenigmarchaeota, Nanohaloarchaeota, and Nanoarchaeota.