Table 1. Characterization of the PD cohort according to IGF-1 quartiles.
| Total cohort (405) | The lowest quartile (110) | The second quartile (86) | The third quartile (100) | The highest quartile (109) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IGF-1, ng/ml | 33.800–412.200 | ≤ 97.9 | 97.9001–124 | 124.0001–162.200 | ≥ 162.2001 | NA | |
| Demographic and motor variables | |||||||
| Age, years | 61.20 (9.76) (33, 84) | 63.33 (9.04) (33, 85) | 60.62 (11.63) (33, 82) | 62.14 (11.91) (33, 83) | 61.07 (10.44) (33, 82) | 0.278 | |
| Gender (M/F) | 264/141 | 58/52 (52.70/47.30) | 62/24 (72.10/27.90) | 65/35 (65/35) | 79/30 (72.50/27.50) | <0.05* | |
| BMI | 27.20 (5.10) (16.80, 45) | 26.92 (6.62) (18.18, 45) | 28.01 (4.64) (19.65, 41.57) | 27.21 (4.61) (17.72,41.05) | 26.95 (3.91) (16.80, 36.85) | 0.437 | |
| Education, years | 15.56 (2.98) (5, 26) | 15.25 (3.35) (5, 22) | 15.84 (3.37) (8, 26) | 15.39 (2.67) (8, 24) | 15.76 (2.53) (11, 23) | 0.443 | |
| Disease duration, months | 6.33 (6) (0, 35) | 5.8 (4.31) (0, 28) | 5.92 (5.71) (4, 35) | 6.21 (5.81) (6, 30) | 6.51 (5.72) (8, 28) | 0.499 | |
| MDS-UPDRS-III | 20.25 (8.93) (4, 51) | 21.03 (9.38) (6, 51) | 20.87 (7.42) (6, 39) | 18.44 (8.52) (6, 45) | 20.55 (9.81) (4, 49) | 0.140 | |
| Cognitive variables | |||||||
| MoCA, total score | 27.10 (2.34) (17, 30) | 27 (2.37) (19, 30) | 27.02 (2.32) (17, 30) | 27.62 (2.08) (21, 30) | 26.86 (2.51) (17, 30) | 0.078 | |
| JOLO | 12.69 (2.23) (5, 15) | 12.81 (2.41) (5,15) | 12.76 (2.28) (5,15) | 12.96 (2.08) (7,15) | 12.3 (2.13) (6, 15) | 0.164 | |
| HVLT IR | 24.45 (4.99) (9, 36) | 24.11 (4.88) (11, 32) | 24.52 (5.15) (14, 34) | 25.49 (4.89) (9, 35) | 24.86 (5.02) (13, 36) | 0.097§ | |
| HVLT DRLY | 8.36 (2.52) (0, 12) | 7.95 (2.72) (0, 12) | 8.56 (2.14) (3, 12) | 8.79 (2.57) (0, 12) | 8.22 (2.51) (0, 12) | 0.084^ | |
| HVLT retention | 0.85 (0.20) (0, 1.29) | 0.81 (0.22) (0, 1.22) | 0.89 (0.16) (0.44, 1.29) | 0.86 (0.19) (0, 1.22) | 0.85 (0.21) (0, 1.29) | 0.074° | |
| HVLT DR | 9.65 (2.54) (-2, 12) | 9.51 (2.52) (-1, 12) | 9.73 (2.52) (-1, 12) | 9.89 (2.54) (0, 12) | 9.55 (2.61) (-2, 12) | 0.683 | |
| LNS | 10.56 (2.66) (2–20) | 10.15 (2.92) (4, 20) | 10.41 (2.56) (2, 16) | 10.68 (2.71) (3, 20) | 10.98 (2.38) (5, 17) | 0.120 | |
| Semantic fluency | 48.52 (11.72) (20, 103) | 46.31 (10.73) (20, 75) | 49.15 (12.19) (26, 83) | 50.13 (11.37) (25, 91) | 48.77 (12.36) (24, 103) | 0.100$ | |
| SDMT | 41.17 (9.78) (7, 82) | 38.89 (9.88) (7, 61) | 41.76 (10.74) (20, 82) | 41.77 (8.9) (16, 70) | 42.54 (9.35) (17, 66) | 0.036& | |
Data are in mean (SD) (range), unless otherwise specified. Significance level≤0.1 are shown in italics.
* p = 0.005 for the lowest versus the second quartile; p = 0.002 for the lowest versus the fourth quartile.
§ -0.403, p = 0.937 for the lowest versus the second quartile; -1.370, p = 0.286 for the lowest versus the third quartile; -0.256, p = 0.989 for the lowest versus the highest quartile.
^ -0.615, p = 0.543 for the lowest versus the second quartile; -0.835, p = 0.101 for the lowest versus the third quartile; -0.266, p = 0.787 for the lowest versus the highest quartile.
° -0.075, p = 0.060 for the lowest versus the second quartile; -0.045, p = 0.608 for the lowest versus the third quartile; -0.040, p = 0.811 for the lowest versus the highest quartile
$ -2.848, p = 0.547 for the lowest versus the second quartile; -3.827, p = 0.109 for the lowest versus the third quartile; -2.468, p = 0.714 for the lowest versus the highest quartile
& -2.866, p = 0.247 for the lowest versus the second quartile; -2.88, p = 0.196 for the lowest versus the third quartile; -3.560, p = 0.042 for the lowest versus the highest quartile
BMI: Body Mass Index; HVLT DLRY: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Delayed Recall; HVLT DR: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Discrimination Recognition; HVLT IR: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Immediate Recall; JOLO: Benton Judgment of Line Orientation (15-item version); LNS: Letter Number Sequencing; MDS-UPDRS-III: Movement Disorders Society version of the Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale part III; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test.