Table 1.
Summary of studies investigating hypopituitarism after subarachnoid haemorrhage
| Study | Biochemical test | Number of patients | Time of assessment | Prevalence of hypopituitarism | Prevalence of GHD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kreitschmann-Andermahr et al. [2] | Basal hormone values, ITT, TRH-LHRH-arginine test | 40 | 27.3 months (mean) | 55% | 20% |
| Aimaretti et al. [16] | Basal hormone values, GHRH-arginine test, morning serum cortisol, 24 urinary cortisol | 40 | 3 months | 37.5% | 25% |
| Aimaretti et al. [39] | Basal hormone values, GHRH-arginine test, morning serum cortisol, 24 urinary cortisol | 32 | 12 months | 37.5% | 21.8% |
| Dimopoulou et al. [15] | Basal hormone values, IGF-1 level, low dose ACTH test | 30 | 12–24months | 47% | 37% |
| Tanriverdi et al. [14] | Basal Hormone values (within 24 h) GST, GHRH-arginine (12 months) |
22 | Within 24 h 12 months |
63.6% 45% |
22.7% 36.4% |
| Jovanovic et al. [13] | Basal hormone values, IGF-1 | 93 | 1.8 years (mean) | 49.5% | 29% |
| Klose et al. [21] | ITT, SST, GHRH-arginine test, clomiphene test | 62 | 14 months | 0% | 0% |
| Parenti et al. [33] | Basal hormone values, IGF-1 levels | 60 | Within 72 h | 56.9% | 22% |
| Lammert et al. [17] | Basal hormone values, SST, ITT* | 20 | 12 months | 15% | 15% |
| Dutta et al. [34]Ŧ | Basal hormone values, IGF-1 level | 60 | At or after 6 months | 31.6% | 15% |
| Karaca et al. [29] | Basal hormone values, GST | 20 | 3 years | 20% | 20%* |
| Gardner et al. [19] | GST, SST, GHRH-arginine | 64 50 |
3 months 12 months |
45% 12% |
20% 10% |
| Hannon et al. [20] | ITT, GST, SST | 41 | 15 months | 14.6% | 13.3% (4/30) |
| Khajeh et al. [22] (HIPS) | Basal Hormone Values, Ghrelin test (Baseline) +/− metyrapone stimulation test Baseline hormone values and GHRH-arginine (6 months) Basal hormone values and GHRH-arginine test (14 months) |
84 (baseline) 72 68 |
32 days (mean) 6 months 14 months |
44% 31% 9% |
31% 11% 7% |
| Kronvall et al. [18] | Basal hormone values, GHRH-arginine test Basal hormone values, GHRH-arginine test, ITT, SST |
45 44 |
3–6 months 12–24 months |
27% 43% |
7% 25% |
To calculate the frequency of pituitary dysfunction at each time point, the actual number of patients at each follow-up time point is used as the denominator, rather than the number of patients at baseline. Studies providing pooled traumatic brain injury (TBI) and SAH data are not included
*ITT only performed in patients with suspected GHD and ACTH deficiency. 3 and 6 months data from this cohort not presented
ŦRetrospective and prospective cohort