Table 1.

A summary of long-acting growth hormones categorized by development approach.

Approach	Company	Product	Pediatric GHD development status
Unmodified GH – Half-life extension achieved by the slow-release of somatropin from polymeric depot, crystal, or prodrug	Genentech, Inc.	Nutropin Depot GH encapsulated in polylactide-coglycolic acid microparticles	Approved in the U.S; later withdrawn
	LG Life Sciences, Ltd.	LB03002 GH encapsulated in sodium hyaluronate microparticles	Approved but not marketed in Europe; available in South Korea
	Altus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	ALTU-238 GH crystallization	Discontinued
	Ascendis Pharma A/S	TransCon GH Transiently PEGylated GH prodrug	Phase 3
Modified GH – Half-life achieved by increasing molecular size (except NNCO195-0092, which is modified with a small albumin affinity tag)
	GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.	Jintrolong Permanently PEGylated GH	Available in China
	Pfizer, Inc.	PHA-794428 Permanently PEGylated GH	Discontinued
	Novo Nordisk A/S	NNCl126-0083 Permanently PEGylated GH	Discontinued
	Ambrx, Inc.	ARX201 Permanently PEGylated and mutated GH	Discontinued
	Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.	TV-1106 GH fused to albumin	Discontinued
	Versartis, Inc.	VRS-317 GH fused to half-life extension technology polypeptides	Phase 3
	OPKO Health, Inc.	MOD-4023 GH fused to carboxyterminal peptides	Phase 3
	Novo Nordisk A/S	NNCO195-0092 Mutated GH attached to an albumin affinity tag	Phase 2
	Genexine, Inc., and Handok, Inc.	GX-H9 GH fused to an Fc fragment	Phase 2
	Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	LAPS-rhGH/HM10560A GH fused to an Fc fragment	Phase 2