Figure 5.

(a) MIPs of the helicity density (H_d) atlas (m/s²) generated by the proposed method. The results are shown in three orientations: three‐chamber view, short‐axis view, and two‐chamber view. Top: mid‐systole, middle: early diastole; and bottom: late diastole. Left: mean H_d, right: standard deviation of the H_d. (b) Mean H_d throughout the cardiac cycle. The black line shows the mean value of the H_d atlas, the gray area shows the H_d atlas ± 1.96 standard deviation, and the red line shows the mean H_d of a representative subject. Note that mean values were calculated using the absolute magnitude of H_d.