Table 2.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for associations between baseline (Phase 1) body weight status and socioeconomic disadvantage at Phases 1–3 among women, repeated measures analysis (GEE), the Helsinki Health Study, Finland, 2000–2012
| Model 1a | Model 2b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low household net income | Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI |
| Normal weight | 1.00 | ref. | 1.00 | ref. |
| Overweight | 1.01 | 0.91–1.12 | 1.10 | 0.97–1.24 |
| Obese | 1.23 | 1.07–1.41 | 1.21 | 1.04–1.41 |
| Number of subjects | 6809 | 6807 | ||
| QICC* | 18,349.35 | 11,836.38 | ||
| Income below poverty | ||||
| Normal weight | 1.00 | ref. | 1.00 | ref. |
| Overweight | 1.03 | 0.90–1.17 | 1.06 | 0.94–1.21 |
| Obese | 1.23 | 1.05–1.44 | 1.20 | 1.02–1.4 |
| Number of subjects | 6809 | 6807 | ||
| QICC | 12,114.43 | 10,799.45 | ||
| Frequent economic difficulties | ||||
| Normal weight | 1.00 | ref. | 1.00 | ref. |
| Overweight | 1.21 | 1.08–1.35 | 1.23 | 1.10–1.37 |
| Obese | 1.74 | 1.52–1.99 | 1.71 | 1.50–1.96 |
| Number of subjects | 6836.00 | 6832.00 | ||
| QICC | 17,112.79 | 16,468.48 | ||
| Low household wealth | ||||
| Normal weight | 1.00 | ref. | 1.00 | ref. |
| Overweight | 1.24 | 1.08–1.43 | 1.25 | 1.09–1.44 |
| Obese | 1.90 | 1.59–2.26 | 1.90 | 1.59–2.26 |
| Number of subjects | 5747 | 5743 | ||
| QICC | 9268.02 | 9157.90 | ||
| Low personal income | ||||
| Normal weight | 1.00 | ref. | ||
| Overweight | 1.17 | 1.03–1.33 | ||
| Obese | 1.22 | 1.03–1.44 | ||
| Number of subjects | 4623 | |||
| QICC | 10,130.52 | |||
CI Confidence interval
Weight category defined by body mass index (normal weight BMI 18.50–24.99, overweight BMI 25.00–29.99 and obese BMI >30.00)
*Corrected Quasi Likelihood under Independence Model Criterion (in smaller-is-better form)
aAdjusted for age and educational level
bAdditionally adjusted for marital status as a time variant covariate