Figure 3.

Microbial alpha diversity in oesophageal adenocarcinoma

(A) Observed richness of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). (B) The Chao estimate of total OTU richness and (C) the Shannon diversity index are shown for tissue samples from healthy control patients (n=16), patients with Barrett's oesophagus (n=17), and patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n=15). Statistical significance was calculated with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunns multiple comparisons post test. Data were subsampled at 631 reads per sample. (D) Observed richness of bacterial OTUs for paired normal squamous and tumour tissue samples from 13 patients (26 samples), Wilcoxon signed rank test. Data were subsampled at 656 reads per sample. (E) Overall bacterial abundance using 16S rRNA gene qPCR in matched tumour and normal squamous tissue from 16 patients (32 samples), Wilcoxon signed rank test. Error bars represent standard deviation. *p<0·05. †p<0·01. ‡p<0·001.