Table 2.

Mean comparisons for outcome variables measured at enrollment and 12 weeks post-intervention.

Outcome	Group	Baseline		12 Weeks post		F	p
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
		Morning rise in salivary cortisol	LISTEN	0.58	0.45			0.46	0.68	3.65	*0.07
Control	0.55		0.34	0.34	0.23
DHEA	LISTEN	76.48	51.22	39.30	42.05	0.76	0.39
	Control	82.82	46.49	61.73	64.52
IL-6	LISTEN	6.25	12.19	9.62	17.91	0.38	0.54
	Control	0.99	7.24	7.66	16.6
IL-2	LISTEN	2.25	0.59	2.06	0.39	0.277	0.60
	Control	2.34	0.43	2.64	0.69
Depression (GDS)	LISTEN	1.96	1.34	.852	1.06	3.779	0.13
	Control	1.79	1.42	1.81	1.79
MOS total social support	LISTEN	59.13	15.9	64.98	12.49	3.99	*0.05
	Control	56.36	19.07	52.36	16.42
Emotional support subscale	LISTEN	22.47	7.29	24.57	7.12	2.31	0.14
	Control	20.75	8.66	22.42	5.93
Tangible support subscale	LISTEN	12.33	5.31	14.38	4.00	7.01	**0.01
	Control	12.82	5.05	10.36	5.27
Affectionate support subscale	LISTEN	10.60	3.31	11.93	2.22	1.21	0.28
	Control	9.67	4.07	9.75	4.63
Positive social interaction subscale	LISTEN	10.47	3.33	10.58	2.36	0.31	0.58
	Control	9.17	4.30	8.67	3.05
Basic ADL	LISTEN	6.47	0.91	6.49	0.91	0.92	0.35
	Control	6.42	1.16	6.08	0.29
Instrumental ADL	LISTEN	13.20	3.19	12.73	2.31	2.92	0.10
	Control	13.45	3.29	12.36	3.35
Fasting glucose	LISTEN	111.8	48.77	112.08	19.24	0.43	0.51
	Control	108.7	36.24	118.80	60.40
Systolic blood pressure	LISTEN	137.63	14.41	126.93	13.62	6.43	*0.02
	Control	132.67	20.84	130.00	18.33
Diastolic blood pressure	LISTEN	77.98	8.18	75.00	9.03	1.92	0.18
	Control	77.33	11.95	74.58	9.13
Body mass index	LISTEN	29.94	7.93	29.52	7.97	2.61	0.12
	Control	30.67	5.91	29.53	7.97

Note. Variables are presented in order of presentation in the PNI model (Fig. 1).

^*= p ≤ .05,

^**= p ≤ .01. GDS is the 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale.