Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants across participant-reported walking speed, sitting/lying down time, and sedentary categories at baseline.
| Group | Walking speed
|
p-trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No walking at all | Casual strolling (0–2 mph) | Average or normal (2–3 mph) | Brisk or striding (> 3 mph) | ||
| N | 34 | 651 | 523 | 98 | |
| Age, years | 73.91 (10.79) | 71.08 (10.15) | 70.18 (9.56) | 68.10 (9.98) | 0.001 |
| Ankle–brachial index | 0.71 (0.43) | 0.67 (0.21) | 0.73 (0.27) | 0.74 (0.19) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.97 (6.86) | 29.88 (6.34) | 28.17 (5.10) | 27.41 (4.47) | <0.0001 |
| Male | 47.06% | 60.06% | 63.1% | 70.41% | 0.013 |
| African American | 41.2% | 31.0% | 27.7% | 22.5% | 0.020 |
| Current smoker | 17.7% | 23.2% | 20.7% | 20.4% | 0.456 |
| Diabetes | 44.1% | 43.5% | 36.5% | 20.4% | <0.0001 |
| Pulmonary disease | 47.1% | 46.9% | 32.3% | 36.7% | <0.0001 |
| Cancer | 17.7% | 17.7% | 18.2% | 19.4% | 0.688 |
| Angina | 41.2% | 30.6% | 21.6% | 24.5% | 0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 26.5% | 24.1% | 19.3% | 13.3% | 0.004 |
| Heart failure | 38.2% | 27.5% | 16.1% | 12.2% | <0.0001 |
| Stroke | 20.6% | 22.4% | 16.1% | 10.2% | 0.001 |
| Sleeping/lying down hours | |||||
| Group | 4–7 hours | 8–9 hours | 10–11 hours | 12 or more hours | p-value |
| N | 568 | 511 | 145 | 75 | |
| Age, years | 69.65 (9.82) | 71.83 (9.66) | 70.31 (10.14) | 70.48 (11.87) | 0.005 |
| Ankle–brachial index | 0.70 (0.23) | 0.70 (0.26) | 0.70 (0.25) | 0.71 (0.27) | 0.969 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.07 (5.37) | 28.97 (6.16) | 29.17 (6.17) | 28.49 (6.30) | 0.854 |
| Male | 62.3% | 64.4% | 56.6% | 49.3% | 0.043 |
| African American | 35.7% | 22.5% | 20.7% | 38.7% | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker | 23.9% | 17.8% | 20.0% | 29.3% | 0.028 |
| Diabetes | 38.2% | 39.7% | 42.1% | 44.0% | 0.696 |
| Pulmonary disease | 39.6% | 38.2% | 43.5% | 53.3% | 0.073 |
| Cancer | 17.8% | 18.2% | 16.6% | 17.3% | 0.974 |
| Angina | 25.7% | 27.0% | 28.3% | 29.3% | 0.859 |
| MI | 20.4% | 21.5% | 23.5% | 24.0% | 0.804 |
| CHF | 22.7% | 20.7% | 20.7% | 26.7% | 0.629 |
| Stroke | 20.8% | 15.1% | 15.2% | 30.7% | 0.002 |
| Sitting hours | |||||
| Group | Less than 4 hours | 4–7 hours | 8–11 hours | 12 or more hours | p-trend |
| N | 153 | 598 | 380 | 183 | |
| Age, years | 70.46 (9.45) | 71.96 (9.63) | 69.92 (10.02) | 67.78 (10.58) | <0.0001 |
| Ankle–brachial index | 0.69 (0.19) | 0.69 (0.24) | 0.70 (0.27) | 0.72 (0.26) | 0.166 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.11 (5.58) | 28.73 (5.57) | 29.34 (5.94) | 29.98 (6.40) | 0.001 |
| Male | 56.9% | 58.2% | 68.2% | 62.8% | 0.017 |
| African American | 35.9% | 29.9% | 23.9% | 32.8% | 0.217 |
| Current smoker | 26.1% | 18.6% | 23.2% | 25.7% | 0.321 |
| Diabetes | 31.4% | 39.8% | 36.6% | 49.2% | 0.013 |
| Pulmonary disease | 29.4% | 39.8% | 42.6% | 46.5% | 0.002 |
| Cancer | 18.9% | 18.4% | 16.1% | 19.1% | 0.738 |
| Angina | 26.8% | 24.8% | 27.1% | 33.3% | 0.078 |
| MI | 18.3% | 21.2% | 21.6% | 25.1% | 0.159 |
| CHF | 18.3% | 21.7% | 22.9% | 25.1% | 0.134 |
| Stroke | 20.9% | 20.1% | 15.5% | 20.2% | 0.377 |
Data shown are mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise specified.
mph, miles per hour; BMI, body mass index; MI, myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure.