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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017 Nov;39(8):618–625. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000919

Table 2. Definitions of major ophthalmological findings in sickle cell retinopathy.

Finding Definition [27-29, 69]
Salmon Patch Hemorrhage Oval-shaped, orange, well-defined area of bleeding on the retina surface
Black Sunburst Lesion Circular, black, stellate and spiculate lesion from the migration of retinal pigment epithelium
Iridescent Spot Small retinal cavity with yellow spots containing hemosiderin-laden macrophages resulting from a resorbed salmon patch hemorrhage
Disc Sign Dark red spots on the optic disc due to plugs of deoxygenated, sickled erythrocytes
Posterior Vessel Tortuosity Vessels that make a twisted rather than normal straight path
Angioid Streaks Gray, bilateral, irregular lines emanating from the optic disc representing small breaks in Bruch's membrane (membrane that separates the retina and choroid)
Retinal depression sign Abnormal light reflex from the retina due to ischemia of the macula causing atrophy
Retinoschisis Splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers
Sea Fan Neovascular growth in PSR that resembles the marine species Gorgonia flabellum