Table 2.
Overview of included papers, with details on their inclusion in reporting on sucrose, SSBs, confectionery and determinants of change in consumption, and quality assessment score
| Reference | Study name | Country where study situated | Sample size and cohort characteristics* | Mean ages included (years) | Year at mean age 13 | Method of diet data collection | Sucrose or added sugar | SSBs | Confectio‐nery | Determi‐nants | Quality assessment score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adair LS et al. (2005) 36 | Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Study (CLHBS) | Philippines | n range from 2040 to 2106 | 15, 19 | 1996 | Two 24‐h dietary recalls | X | G | X | X | 6 |
| Ambrosini GL et al. (2013) 3 | Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) cohort | Australia | n range from 1009 to 1667 | 14, 17 | 2002–2005 | FFQ | X | N/P | X | X | 8 |
| Astrom, A. N. et al. (2004) 49 | The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour (NLHB) Study | Norway | n range from 627 to 963 | 15, 18, 19, 21, 23 | 1990 | Questionnaire | X | D | ✔ | X | 7 |
| Bruno‐Ambrosius, K. et al. (2005) 47 | — | Sweden | n = 162, all female | 13, 14, 15 | 2000 | Questionnaire | X | N/P | N/P | X | 5 |
| Davis, J. N. et al. (2009) 43 | Study of Latino Adolescents at Risk for Diabetes (SOLAR) cohort | US | n = 85, all Latino | 14, 15 | 2002 | Two 24‐h dietary recalls | ✔ | ✔ | X | X | 6 |
| Deheeger, M. et al. (2002) 63 | The French longitudinal study of growth and nutrition (FLSGN) | France | n = 94 | 14, 16 | 1998 (estimated) | Diet history method interview | ✔ | X | X | X | 7 |
| Falbe, J. et al. (2014) 37 | Growing Up Today Study II (GUTS2) | US | n = 8,272 | 15, 17 | 2004 | FFQ | X | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 8 |
| Feeley, A. et al. (2012) 48 | Birth to Twenty (Bt20) study | South Africa | n = 1,451 | 13, 15, 17 | 2003 | Questionnaire | X | ✔ | ✔ | X | 6 |
| Fiorito, L. M. et al. (2010) 64 | — | US | n = 166, all female, non‐Hispanic white | 13, 15 | 2004 | Three 24‐h dietary recalls | ✔ | ✔ | X | X | 6 |
| Kvaavik, E. et al. (2005) 45 | The Oslo Youth Study (OYS) | Norway | n = 443 | 14, 25 | 1979 | Questionnaire | X | N/P | X | X | 6 |
| Laska, M. N. et al. (2012) 38 | Identifying Determinants of Eating and Activity (IDEA) and the Aetiology of Childhood Obesity (ECHO). | US | n = 562 to 666 | 14, 16 | IDEA: 2005–2006 ECHO: 2006–2007 (estimated) | Three 24‐h dietary recalls | X | ✔ | X | X | 8 |
| Lee, A. K. et al. (2015) 65 | National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth Health Study (NGHS) | US | N = 840 to 1,304 | 13, 16 | 1991 | Three day food records | ✔ | X | X | X | 8 |
| Lien, N. et al. (2002) 50 | The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour (NLHB) Study | Norway | n = 380 to 613 | 15, 21 | 1990 | Questionnaire | X | D | D | ✔ | 6 |
| Lipsky, L. M. et al. (2015) 39 | NEXT Generation Health Study (NEXT) | US | n = 2,172 to 2,785 | 16, 17, 18, 19 | 2006–2007 | Questionnaire | X | ✔ | X | ✔ | 5 |
| Ovrebo, E. M. (2011) 46 | — | Norway | n = 583 to 606 | 13, 15 | 2002 | FFQ | X | N/P | N/P | X | 7 |
| Patterson, E. et al. (2009) 32 | European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) | Sweden | n = 179, older cohort | 15, 21 | 1996–1997 | Single 24‐h dietary recall | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | X | 8 |
| Pearson, N. et al. (2011) 44 | The Youth Eating Patterns (YEP) study | Australia | n = 1,729 | 13, 15 | 2004–2005 | FFQ | X | ✔ | X | X | 8 |
| Quick, V. et al. (2013) 42 | Project EAT | US | n = 2,134 | 15, 25 | 1996–1997 | FFQ | X | ✔ | X | X | 7 |
| Stephens, L. D. et al. (2014) 51 | The Youth Eating Patterns (YEP) study | Australia | n = 529, all low SES | 12–15, 14–17 (2 year follow‐up) | n/r Baseline assessment in 2004–2005 | FFQ | X | D | X | ✔ | 7 |
| Striegel‐Moore, R. H. et al. (2006) 40 | National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth Health Study (NGHS) | US | n = 1944 to 2110, all female | 13, 15, 16, 18 | 1991 | Three day food records | X | ✔ | X | X | 7 |
| Thuen, F. et al. (2015) 41 | The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour (NLHB) Study | Norway | n = 480 to 649 | 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 30 | 1990 | Questionnaire | X | ✔ | X | ✔ | 5 |
| Von Post‐Skagegard, M. et al. (2002) 33 | — | Sweden | n = 208 | 15, 17, 20 | 1991–1992 | FFQ | X | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 7 |
| White, J. et al. (2014) 66 | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth Health Study (NGHS) | US | n = 774 | 16, 19 | 1991 | Three day food records | ✔ | X | X | X | 7 |
| Zarrazquin, I. et al. (2014) 34 | — | Spain | n = 285 to 366 | 19, 20, 21 | n/r | FFQ | X | X | N/P | X | 6 |
*
Cohort characteristics are only reported here where there is substantial deviation from the general population of that country, e.g. all participants are of a single sex or ethnicity.
For each outcome: X = not reported, D = duplicate: another paper from the same study was selected as the primary paper to represent that study, ✔ = included, G = included in graphs but not meta‐analysis, N/P = data extraction or data conversion not possible.
FFQ, food‐frequency questionnaire; n/r, not reported; US, United States of America.