Table 4.

Association between maternal factors and infant weight‐for‐age z‐score (WFAZ) at birth

Variable	Median WFAZ [IQR]	Unadjusted regression coefficient [95% CI]	p‐value	(A) Psychosocial‐behavioural model: Adjusted regression coefficient [95% CI]	p‐value	(B) Nutritional model: Adjusted regression coefficient [95% CI]	p‐value
Recruitment site
TC Newman (Mixed race)	−0.7 [−1.4 to −0.1]	Reference		Reference		Reference
Mbekweni (Black African)	−0.4 [−1.2 to 0.3]	0.3 [0.2 to 0.5]	<0.001	0.2 [0.01 to 0.3]	0.040	0.3 [0.1 to 0.4]	<0.001
SES quartile
Highest SES	−0.4 [−1.0 to 0.3]	Reference		Reference		Reference
Moderate‐high SES	−0.7 [−1.4 to 0.01]	−0.2 [−0.4 to −0.01]	0.038	−0.2 [−0.4 to −0.03]	0.027	−0.3 [−0.5 to −0.1]	0.011
Low‐moderate SES	−0.5 [−1.4 to 0.04]	−0.2 [−0.4 to −0.01]	0.044	−0.2 [−0.4 to 0.001]	0.051	−0.2 [−0.5 to −0.04]	0.019
Lowest SES	−0.7 [−1.4 to 0.04]	−0.2 [−0.4 to 0.01]	0.068	−0.2 [−0.4 to −0.003]	0.046	−0.3 [−0.5 to −0.05]	0.016
Gravidity
Multigravida	−0.4 [−1.2 to 0.2]	Reference
Primigravida	−0.8 [−1.5 to −0.1]	−0.4 [−0.5 to −0.2]	<0.001
Antenatal urine cotinine
Nonsmoker	−0.4 [−1.1 to 0.3]	Reference		Reference
Active smoker	−0.8 [−1.5 to −0.2]	−0.4 [−0.6 to −0.3]	<0.001	−0.3 [−0.5 to −0.1]	0.001
Antenatal alcohol use
No self‐reported alcohol use	−0.5 [−1.2 to 0.2]	Reference		Reference
Any self‐reported alcohol use	−0.9 [−1.6 to −0.3]	−0.4 [−0.6 to −0.2]	<0.001	−0.3 [−0.5 to −0.1]	0.010
Antenatal depression (EPDS)
Below threshold	−0.5 [−1.3 to 0.1]	Reference
Above threshold	−0.6 [−1.3 to −0.01]	−0.1 [−0.2 to 0.1]	0.554
Recent intimate partner violence
Below threshold	−0.5 [−1.2 to 0.1]	Reference
Above threshold	−0.6 [−1.4 to 0.1]	−0.2 [−0.3 to −0.003]	0.045
Maternal height		0.03 [0.02 to 0.04]	<0.001			0.02 [0.01 to 0.03]	<0.001