Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort by sex and diabetes status
| Characteristics | Total | Females | Males | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without DM | With DM | Without DM | With DM | Without DM | With DM | |
| At baseline: | ||||||
| Population 20–84 years | 383,799 | 23,358 | 195,930 | 10,269 | 187,869 | 13,089 |
| Foreignersa: N (%) | 53,852 (14.0) | 1812 (7.7) | 28,103 (14.3) | 862 (8.3) | 25,749 (13.7) | 950 (7.3) |
| Age (years): median (IQR) | 45 (35–60) | 67 (58–75) | 47 (35–62) | 69 (60–76) | 44 (34–59) | 66 (57–74) |
| History of cancer N (%) | 12,685 (3.3) | 1979 (8.5) | 6878 (3.5) | 840 (8.2) | 5807 (3.1) | 1139 (8.7) |
| Time since diabetes diagnosis (years) median (IQR) | 4 (1–10) | 4 (1–10) | 4 (1–10) | |||
| Type of diabetes N(%) | ||||||
| Type 1 diabetes | 779 (3.3) | 364 (3.5) | 415 (3.2) | |||
| Type 2 diabetes | 22,458 (96.2) | 9853 (96.0) | 12,605 (96.3) | |||
| Secondary diabetes b | 121 (0.5) | 52 (0.5) | 69 (0.5) | |||
| Treatment N(%)c | ||||||
| Diet only d | 6139 (27.3) | 2636 (26.7) | 3503 (27.8) | |||
| OHA e | 11,980 (53.3) | 5243 (53.2) | 6737 (53.4) | |||
| Insulin only | 2313 (10.3) | 1010 (10.2) | 1303 (10.3) | |||
| OHAs + insulin | 2026 (9.0) | 964 (9.9) | 1062 (8.4) | |||
| During follow-up: | ||||||
| Person-years | 1,499,890 | 85,953 | 767,174 | 38,171 | 732,716 | 47,782 |
| Dead: N (%) | 9875 (2.6) | 2704 (11.6) | 4291 (2.2) | 1071 (10.4) | 5584 (3.0) | 1633 (12.5) |
| Moved: N (%) | 345 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) | 148 (0.1) | 8 (0.1) | 197 (0.1) | 4 (0.0) |
ataking into account the country of birth; bdiseases of the exocrine pancreas and drug-induced diabetes conly for Type 2 diabetes; dpatients controlled only through diet and physical activity; eoral hypoglycaemic agents. IQR Inter-quartile range