Table 1.
Prescription of PIMs among people with ID and from the general population
| Yearly % with prescription | Number of years with prescription [n (%)] | Median (range) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | All | Women | Men | ||||||
| At least one | gPop | 27–28 | 1822 (35) | 1093 (21) | 678 (13) | 501 (9) | 366 (7) | 352 (7) | 465 (9) | n = 5277 | 2 (1–4) | n = 2477 | 2 (1–4) | n = 2800 | 2 (1–4) |
| ID | 50–52 | 997 (17) | 565 (10) | 359 (6) | 310 (5) | 268 (5) | 371 (6) | 2921 (50) | n = 5791 | 7 (2–7) | n = 2635 | 6 (2–7) | n = 3156 | 7 (2–7) | |
| ID vs gPop | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Anticholinergics | gPop | 4–6 | 639 (51) | 218 (18) | 110 (9) | 82 (7) | 77 (6) | 57 (5) | 61 (5) | n = 1244 | 1 (1–3) | n = 482 | 1 (1–2) | n = 762 | 2 (1–3) |
| ID | 9–12 | 545 (33) | 216 (13) | 180 (11) | 127 (8) | 106 (6) | 124 (7) | 372 (22) | n = 1670 | 3 (1–6) | n = 655 | 3 (1–6) | n = 1015 | 3 (1–6) | |
| ID vs gPop | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Benzodiazepines | gPop | 2–3 | 200 (47) | 58 (14) | 26 (6) | 18 (4) | 25 (6) | 33 (8) | 63 (15) | n = 423 | 2 (1–5) | n = 244 | 2 (1–5) | n = 179 | 2 (1–5) |
| ID | 9–11 | 548 (34) | 252 (16) | 132 (8) | 106 (7) | 75 (5) | 84 (5) | 412 (26) | n = 1609 | 3 (1–7) | n = 722 | 2 (1–6) | n = 887 | 3 (1–7) | |
| ID vs gPop | <0.001 | 0.006 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
| NSAIDsa | gPop | 16–19 | 1961 (45) | 969 (22) | 582 (13) | 361 (8) | 228 (5) | 164 (4) | 107 (2) | n = 4372 | 2 (1–3) | n = 2092 | 2 (1–3) | n = 2280 | 2 (1–3) |
| ID | 9–10 | 1422 (54) | 519 (20) | 259 (10) | 180 (7) | 87 (3) | 81 (3) | 80 (3) | n = 2628 | 1 (1–3) | n = 1331 | 1 (1–3) | n = 1297 | 1 (1–2) | |
| ID vs gPop | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Propiomazine | gPop | 2–3 | 369 (54) | 104 (15) | 58 (9) | 28 (4) | 38 (6) | 36 (5) | 46 (7) | n = 679 | 1 (1–3) | n = 361 | 1 (1–3) | n = 318 | 1 (1–3) |
| ID | 7–9 | 344 (29) | 159 (14) | 101 (9) | 93 (8) | 85 (7) | 87 (7) | 306 (26) | n = 1175 | 3 (1–7) | n = 536 | 3 (1–7) | n = 639 | 3 (1–7) | |
| ID vs gPop | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Tramadol | gPop | 4–5 | 973 (65) | 245 (16) | 94 (6) | 50 (3) | 46 (3) | 41 (3) | 40 (3) | n = 1489 | 1 (1–2) | n = 747 | 1 (1–2) | n = 742 | 1 (1–2) |
| ID | 3–3 | 585 (63) | 150 (16) | 62 (7) | 42 (5) | 38 (4) | 17 (2) | 33 (4) | n = 927 | 1 (1–2) | n = 488 | 1 (1–2) | n = 439 | 1 (1–2) | |
| ID vs gPop | 0.187 | 0.286 | 0.476 | ||||||||||||
| Antipsychotics (excluding lithium) | gPop | 1–1 | 88 (37) | 43 (18) | 21 (9) | 8 (3) | 16 (7) | 13 (6) | 46 (20) | n = 235 | 2 (1–6) | n = 116 | 2 (1–5) | n = 119 | 2 (1–6) |
| ID | 34–34 | 217 (7) | 140 (4) | 94 (3) | 93 (3) | 108 (3) | 194 (6) | 2270 (73) | n = 3116 | 7 (6–7) | n = 1337 | 7 (6–7) | n = 1779 | 7 (6–7) | |
| ID vs gPop | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Number of years with prescription of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) among 7936 people with intellectual disability (ID) and a sample from the general population (gPop) one-to-one matched on sex and age
aNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs