Table 3.
Patient characteristics at the EUROASPIRE IV study visit by chronic kidney diseasea
| normal kidney function n = 345 (65.1%) | chronic kidney disease n = 185 (34.9%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 65.4 (59.6; 72.2) | 73.4 (66.5; 77.0) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 291 (84.4%) | 145 (78.4%) | 0.09 |
| Total year in education, yrs | 12 (11; 15) | 11 (11; 14) | <0.001 |
| Education level (higher vs. lower levelsb) | 72 (20.9%) | 27 (14.6%) | 0.08 |
| History of CHD | |||
| Duration of CHD | 2.7 (1.9; 6.4) | 3.4 (2.0; 12.9) | <0.01 |
| CHD history | |||
| - CABG | 77 (22.3%) | 59 (31.9%) | 0.02 |
| - PCI/stent | 278 (78.6%) | 138 (74.6%) | 0.12 |
| - AMI | 131 (38.0%) | 49 (42.7%) | 0.30 |
| History of heart failure | 40 (11.6%) | 38 (20.7%) | <0.01 |
| History of stroke | 33 (9.8%) | 22 (11.9%) | 0.45 |
| History of peripheral artery disease | 18 (5.2%) | 29 (15.7%) | <0.001 |
| Classic CV risk factors | |||
| BMI [kg/m2] | 28.0 (25.9; 30.7) | 29.5 (27.0; 32.8) | <0.001 |
| Overweight (BMI ≥25) | 281 (82.2%) | 168 (91.3%) | <0.01 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30) | 105 (30.7%) | 86 (46.7%) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic | 133 (122; 148) | 138 (128; 152) | <0.01 |
| Diastolic | 80 (73; 87) | 81 (73; 88) | 0.67 |
| Hypertensionc | 142 (41.2%) | 96 (52.2%) | 0.02 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.59 (2.16; 3.14) | 2.43 (1.98; 2.98) | 0.02 |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||
| LDL cholesterol ≥2.5 mmol/l | 188 (56.1%) | 77 (45.6%) | 0.03 |
| LDL cholesterol ≥1.8 mmol/l | 307 (91.6%) | 143 (84.6%) | 0.02 |
| Diabetesd | 70 (20.5%) | 75 (41.4%) | <0.001 |
| Smokinge | 49 (14.2%) | 14 (7.6%) | 0.02 |
| Chronic kidney disease | |||
| SCrstudy-visit (mg/dl) | 1.0 (0.8; 1.0) | 1.2 (1.1; 1.4) | <0.001 |
| eGFRCKD-EPI (ml/min/1.73m2) | 81.0 (71.2; 90.4) | 53.9 (46.6; 62.6) | <0.001 |
| ACRstudy-visit (mg/g) | 2.9 (0; 7.4) | 20.4 (5.0; 78.5) | <0.001 |
| Information on impaired kidney function in a discharge letter of a hospital stay due to CHDf | 6 (1.9%) | 31 (19.0%) | <0.001 |
Data are n(%), median (inter quartile range), analyses restricted to patients without missing values in respective variables
Abbreviations: CHD coronary heart disease, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, AMI acute myocardial infarction, BMI body mass index, LDL low density lipoprotein, SCr serum creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR urinary albumin/creatinine ratio
aCKD (stages CKD-G3 and higher, G2A2, G2A3, G1A3) vs. normal kidney function (G1A1, G1A2, G2A1)
bHigher (intermediate between secondary level and university [e.g. technical training], College/University completed, post graduate degree) vs. lower levels of education
cAs recommended by the German Society of Cardiology as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, ≥140/80 mmHg in patients with diabetes, ≥140/85 mmHg in diabetes, ≥150/90 mmHg in patients >80 years, ≥130/90 mmHg in patients with CKD
dSelf-reported diabetes or impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance
eSelf-reported or CO >10 ppm
fEUROASPIRE IV index hospital stay