. 2017 Oct 25;17:844. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4798-2

Table 3.

Prevalence and Risk ratios of depressive symptoms according to the presence of multiple chronic diseases

		40-59 yr						≥60 yr
		(No. participants = 88,749)						(No. participants = 67,998)
		Prevalence (%)	Adjusted	95% CL^b	CES-D-K^c			Prevalence (%)	Adjusted	95% CL^b	CES-D-K^c
		Prevalence (%)	risk ratio^a	95% CL^b	Median	IQR	p ^d	Prevalence (%)	risk ratio^a	95% CL^b	Median	IQR	p ^d
No. of diseases	0	7.67			3	0-7	<0.001	10.78			4	1-9	<0.001
	1	10.7	1.429	1.35-1.51	3	1-8		14.22	1.222	1.15-1.30	4	1-10
	2	14.95	1.879	1.74-2.03	4	1-11		18.03	1.468	1.37-1.57	6	2-12
	3	20.88	2.602	2.32-2.92	5	2-13		24.12	1.93	1.80-2.07	7	3-15
	4 or more	33.72	4.465	3.81-5.23	8	3-19		32.09	2.643	2.45-2.85	10	4-19
Multiple chronic diseases	No	8.49			3	0-7	<0.001	12.65			4	1-9	<0.001
Multiple chronic diseases	Yes	17.8	1.939	1.82-2.06	5	1-12	<0.001	22.75	1.620	1.55-1.69	7	2-14	<0.001

^aMultivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age (continuous variable), gender, marital status, employment, occupational categories, education, income and residence location

^b95% CL; 95% confidence limits

^cCES-D-K; Korean version of Center for epidemiological studies depression

^dP-values were obtained by Student’s t-test or ANOVA using CES-D-K score transformed by natural logarithm