Table 1.
Properties of various dental ceramic materials
| Material | Crystalline Phase (vol%) | Modulus E (GPa) | Hardness H (GPa) | Toughness T (MPa·m1/2) | Strength σ (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porcelain | |||||
| Feldspathic ceramic (Vita Mark II) | Albite (<20) | 72 | 6.2 | 1.2 | 122 |
| Veneer for ceramic (LAVA Ceram) | Leucite (6) | 80 | 5.2 | 1.1 | 85 |
| Veneer for metal (d.SIGN) | Leucite/apatite (25) | 68 | 5.9 | 1.1 | 104 |
| Glass-ceramic | |||||
| Mica glass-ceramic (Dicor MGC) | Fluormica (70) | 69 | 6.0 | 1.2 | 229 |
| Leucite glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD) | Leucite (35-45) | 65 | 6.2 | 1.3 | 160 |
| Lithium disilicate-ceramic | |||||
| (IPS Empress 2) | Lithium disilicate (65) | 96 | 5.5-6.3 | 2.9-3.2 | 306-420 |
| (IPS e.max CAD) | Lithium disilicate (70) | 95 | 5.8 | 2.3 | 480 |
| (IPS e.max Press) | Lithium disilicate (70) | 95 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 400 |
| Ceramic-glass interpenetrating network | |||||
| Glass-infiltrated spinel | Spinel (68) | 185 | - | 2.5 | 350 |
| Glass-infiltrated alumina | Alumina (68) | 274 | 11.8 | 3.6 | 548 |
| Glass-infiltrated zirconia | Zirconia toughened alumina (67) | 245 | 13.1 | 3.5 | 700 |
| Polycrystalline ceramic | |||||
| Alumina (dense, fine grain) | Alumina (>99) | 372 | 19.6 | 3.1 | 572 |
| Zirconia (LAVA Plus) | 3 mol% Y-TZP (>99) | 210 | 14.0 | 4.0 | 1200 |
| Zirconia (Zpex smile) | Cubic/tetragonal zirconia (>99) | 210 | 13.4 | 2.4 | 485 |
| Ceramic-resin interpenetrating network | |||||
| Resin-infiltrated porcelain (Enamic) | Feldspathic ceramic (75) | 30 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 159 |
| Tooth | |||||
| Dentin | Hydroxyapatite (50) | 18 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 34-98 |
| Enamel | Hydroxyapatite (95) | 94 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 12-42 |