Table 5.

Comparison of mean test scores for adolescents with and without CFM, by hearing impairment

Test	Measure	Controls	Cases
			Hearing Impairment1
			No					Yes					p for group differences
			Difference2	95% CI		p-value	ES3	Difference2	95% CI		p-value	ES3
WASI	Vocabulary	Ref	−2.2	−4.8	0.4	0.10	−0.2	−1.2	−3.9	1.5	0.39	−0.1	0.22
	Matrix Reasoning	Ref	−1.3	−4.5	2.0	0.45	−0.1	0.6	−2.0	3.1	0.66	0.1	0.65
	Full Scale IQ	Ref	−3.1	−7.2	1.1	0.15	−0.2	−0.1	−3.8	3.6	0.96	−0.01	0.35
WRAT4	Spelling	Ref	0.7	−4.9	6.3	0.81	0.05	−0.5	−4.7	3.8	0.83	−0.03	0.94
	Math Computation	Ref	−3.9	−8.6	0.9	0.11	−0.3	−0.4	−4.5	3.7	0.87	−0.02	0.28
Reading Composite		Ref	−0.7	−5.1	3.7	0.75	−0.1	−4.1	−8.2	0.0	0.05	−0.3	0.15
WJTA-III	Writing Sample	Ref	−1.1	−4.7	2.6	0.57	−0.1	−4.0	−7.6	−0.4	0.03	−0.3	0.09

¹Defined as a hearing threshold >40 dB at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, or 4000 Hz. 2 controls with hearing impairment excluded from analysis; 12 controls and 10 cases missing hearing screen; 3 controls and 1 case excluded due to room noise

²Standard scores used for all analyses; adjusted for age at assessment (continuous), gender, race/ethnicity (white, Hispanic, other), income (categorical), primary caregiver’s highest level of education (categorical)

³ES = Standardized effect size