Table 2.
Linear growth model results for questionnaire measures for 122 medical students followed over their first three years of study (2012 – 2015). Model A: includes only time as a predictor. Model B: Includes time, gender, and age as predictors. Degrees of freedom correspond to the classical decomposition of degrees of freedom in balanced, multilevel ANOVA designs.
| Questionnaire | Effect | Model A | Model B | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) |
df | β (SE) |
df | ||||
| JSPE | Initial Status | Intercept | 117.09*** (0.900) |
582 | 117.09*** (0.851) |
580 | |
| Gender | – | – | 5.22 ** (1.722) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | 1.36** (0.481) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | −0.092** (0.030) |
582 | −0.092* (0.030) |
580 | ||
| Gender | – | – | 0.011 (0.061) |
580 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.001 (0.017) |
580 | |||
| QCAE | Total | Initial Status | Intercept | 93.16*** (0.855) |
592 | 93.15*** (0.772) |
590 |
| Gender | – | – | 8.14 *** (1.56) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | 0.837† (0.436) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | 0.053* (0.024) |
592 | 0.053* (0.024) |
590 | ||
| Gender | – | – | −0.003 (0.048) |
590 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.033* (0.013) |
590 | |||
| Affective | Initial Status | Intercept | 34.24 *** (0.474) |
592 | 34.24*** (0.406) |
590 | |
| Gender | – | – | 5.46*** (0.821) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | 0.187 (0.230) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | 0.011 (0.012) |
592 | 0.011 (0.012) |
590 | ||
| Gender | – | – | −0.002 (0.023) |
590 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.022** (0.006) |
590 | |||
| Affective: Emotion Contagion | Initial Status | Intercept | 11.04*** (0.194) |
592 | 11.03*** (0.188) |
590 | |
| Gender | – | – | 0.990* (0.381) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.121 (0.106) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | 0.012† (0.006) |
592 | 0.012* (0.006) |
590 | ||
| Gender | – | – | 0.014 (0.012) |
590 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.009** (0.003) |
590 | |||
| Affective: Proximal Responsivity | Initial Status | Intercept | 11.97*** (0.184) |
592 | 11.97*** (0.167) |
590 | |
| Gender | – | – | 1.76*** (0.38) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | 0.103 (0.094) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | −0.005 (0.005) |
592 | −0.004 (0.005) |
590 | ||
| Gender | – | – | 0.002 (0.011) |
590 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.005† (0.003) |
590 | |||
| Affective: Peripheral Responsivity | Initial Status | Intercept | 11.24*** (0.228) |
592 | 11.24*** (0.194) |
590 | |
| Gender | – | – | 2.71*** (0.392) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | 0.204† (0.109) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | 0.003 (0.005) |
592 | 0.003 (0.005) |
590 | ||
| Gender | – | – | −0.019† (0.011) |
590 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.007* (0.003) |
590 | |||
| Cognitive | Initial Status | Intercept | 58.91*** (0.597) |
592 | 58.91*** (0.579) |
590 | |
| Gender | – | – | 2.70* (1.17) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | 0.654* (0.327) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | 0.042* (0.018) |
592 | 0.043* (0.018) |
590 | ||
| Gender | – | – | 0.004 (0.036) |
590 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.012 (0.010) |
590 | |||
| Cognitive: Perspective Taking | Initial Status | Intercept | 30.74*** (0.415) |
592 | 30.74*** (0.406) |
590 | |
| Gender | – | – | 1.90* (0.821) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | 0.302 (0.229) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | 0.036** (0.011) |
592 | 0.036** (0.011) |
590 | ||
| Gender | – | – | −0.015 (0.022) |
590 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.008 (0.006) |
590 | |||
| Cognitive: Online Simulation | Initial Status | Intercept | 28.18*** (0.335) |
592 | 28.17*** (0.330) |
590 | |
| Gender | – | – | 0.798 (0.668) |
119 | |||
| Age | – | – | 0.349† (0.186) |
119 | |||
| Rate of Change | Time | 0.0.006 (0.0.010) |
592 | 0.006 (0.010) |
590 | ||
| Gender | – | – | 0.019 (0.021) |
590 | |||
| Age | – | – | −0.002 (0.006) |
590 | |||
Significance levels:
†
p<0.10,
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001