a: Hypothesized model A in which gambling predicts past-year
substance use.
Note. In addition to the effects shown, Year 5 salary, Year 5
school enrollment status, and baseline living situation were partialled out as
covariates.
b: Hypothesized model B in which past-year substance use predicts
gambling.
Note. In addition to the effects shown, Year 5 salary, Year 5
school enrollment status, and baseline living situation were partialled out as
covariates.