Table 1.
Sample characteristics (n=1,019)
| % (n) | Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Substance Use (Year 5) | ||
| Alcohol Use Disorder Risk | 3.0 (1.2) | |
| % No alcohol use during the past year | 3.2 (33) | |
| % Used <5 times during the past year | 2.9 (29) | |
| % Used without DSM-IV problems | 33.4 (340) | |
| % Endorsed some DSM-IV problems | 12.3 (125) | |
| % Met criteria for alcohol abuse | 43.3 (441) | |
| % Met criteria for alcohol dependence | 5.0 (51) | |
| Alcohol use frequency, days in past year | 97.8 (70.6) | |
| Marijuana use frequency, days in past year | 28.2 (69.6) | |
| Tobacco use frequency, days in past year | 41.1 (96.6) | |
| Number of other drugs used, past year | 0.7 (1.2) | |
| Demographics | ||
| Sex (% Male) | 45.3 (462) | |
| Race/Ethnicity (% White, non-Hispanic) | 71.7 (731) | |
| Mother’s education | ||
| High school or less | 15.4 (157) | |
| Some college or technical | 11.7 (119) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 38.5 (392) | |
| Graduate degree | 34.5 (351) | |
| Father’s education | ||
| High school or less | 16.1 (164) | |
| Some college or technical | 8.1 (82) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 30.8 (314) | |
| Graduate degree | 45.0 (459) | |
| Current school enrollment (Year 5) | 37.8 (385) | |
| Current salary (Year 5) | ||
| < $10K | 30.8 (314) | |
| $10K to $24,999 | 20.4 (208) | |
| $25K to $49,999 | 34.8 (355) | |
| $50K to $74,999 | 12.6 (128) | |
| $75K or higher | 1.4 (14) | |
| Living situation (% with parent/guardian/relative, Year 5) | 41.4 (422) | |
| Parental History | ||
| Parents’ mental health problems | ||
| Mother (% definite problems) | 14.0 (143) | |
| Father (% definite problems) | 9.4 (96) | |
| Parents’ alcohol problems | ||
| Mother (% possible/definite problems) | 6.3 (64) | |
| Father (% possible/definite problems) | 18.0 (183) | |
| Parents’ drug problems | ||
| Mother (% possible/definite problems) | 2.9 (30) | |
| Father (% possible/definite problems) | 8.9 (91) | |
| Behavioral Disinhibition | ||
| Sensation-seeking score | 3.5 (2.2) | |
| Affective dysregulation score | 23.5 (10.3) | |
| Behavioral dysregulation score | 27.8 (11.7) | |
| Cognitive dysregulation score | 29.0 (8.9) | |
| Childhood conduct problems score | 6.6 (4.6) | |
| Mental Health | ||
| Depression symptoms | 5.3 (5.0) | |
| Anxiety symptoms | 7.5 (6.8) | |
| Extracurricular Involvement | ||
| Fraternity/sorority (% any involvement) | 34.4 (350) | |
| Athletics (% any involvement) | 71.6 (730) |
Note. Substance use was measured in Year 5, concurrently with gambling behaviors (see Figure 2). All other variables shown were assessed during Years 1 through 4, except where noted.