Table 2.

Hemodynamics and Plasma Neurohormones in 6 NL Dogs before and after Acute Volume Load, and in 6 HF Dogs

	NL	NL + VO	HF
MAP, mm Hg	90 ± 21	130 ± 18*	70 ± 10*
HR, beats/min	88 ± 19	125 ± 13*	64 ± 4*
CVP, mm Hg	8 ± 2	22 ± 4*	8 ± 2
LVEDV, mL	52 ± 1		67 ± 2*
LVESV, mL	23 ± 2		48 ± 2
LVEF, %	56 ± 3		28 ± 1
NE, pg/mL	130 ± 11	491 ± 128*	825 ± 83*
IL-6, pg/mL	3.3 ± 1.2	15.8 ± 4.3*	27.9 ± 7.7*
ET-1, pg/mL	0.2 ± 0.1	1.8 ± 0.2*	2.6 ± 0.8*
TNF-α, pg/mL	1.1 ± 0.7	2.7 ± 0.3*	4.3 ± 0.8*

NL, normal; VO, volume; HF, heart failure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; CVP, central venous pressure; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NE, norepinephrine; IL-6, interleukin-6; ET-1, endothelin-1; TNF-α, tissue necrosis factor-alpha.

^*P < .05 vs. NL dogs.