Table 2.

Common problems and solutions to fluid flow related errors. Those problems or solutions marked with an asterisk* are specifically related to the example system. All other problems and solutions are general troubleshooting strategies.

Problem	Solution
Air bubbles	Manually purge the entire flow path with buffer
Seal/fluid junction leak	Adjust connection, reinforce with Teflon tape, or replace connection
Clog in cartridge top* or microfluidic component	Remove component, sonicate if possible, manually purge with multiple solvents, and reassemble
Clog in tubing	Replace tubing (do not force through pumps) or separate from set up and thoroughly purge with multiple solvents
Broken seal between cartridge top and chip*	Remove cartridge top, dry, carefully reassemble*
Reduced or loss of signal after initial troubleshooting	Run a reliable test assay (Instrument calibration)