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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Mol Med. 2017 Sep 5;23(10):917–931. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.08.002

Fig 4. Common Genome Engineering Tools.

Fig 4

A) Zinc Finger Proteins (ZFPs) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector (TALE) modules are engineered to bind a desired sequence, and then fused to the FokI endonuclease to generate targeted double strand breaks. In the CRISPR system, a custom designed 20 base pair (bp) guide RNA (gRNA) recruits Cas9 endonuclease to induce double strand breaks. B) ZFPs and TALEs fused to transcriptional activators and epigenetic modifiers are shown. In the CRISPR system, these domains are fused to a deactivated Cas9 (dCas9)