Table 2. Development of nephrolithiasis by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Presence of NAFLD	Person-year	Incident case	Incidence density (per 100 person-years)	Aged-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Multivariate HRa (95% CI)
					Model 1	Model 2
Men
No NAFLD	459,878.1	6,061	1.3	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
NAFLD	595,009.5	4,462	1.8	1.32 (1.27–1.37)	1.16 (1.11–1.22)	1.17 (1.06–1.30)
Women
No NAFLD	417,820.6	5,198	1.2	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
NAFLD	42,057.6	721	1.7	1.10 (1.01–1.19)	1.07 (0.97–1.17)	0.97 (0.81–1.16)

^aEstimated from parametric Cox models. Multivariable model 1 was adjusted for age, center, year of screening exam, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, education level, BMI, and history of hypertension and diabetes: Model 2: model 1 plus adjustment for HOMA-IR, uric acid, and hsCRP

BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence intervals; HR, hazard ratios.

p value <0.001 for the interaction between sex and NAFLD for the development of nephrolithiasis.