TABLE 2. Percentage of women receiving a provider recommendation/offer of influenza vaccination and self-reported influenza vaccination coverage, by provider recommendation and offer among women who visited a provider at least once since July 2016 and who were pregnant any time during October 2016–January 2017 — Internet Panel Survey, United States, 2016–17 influenza season.
| Characteristic | Provider recommendation for/offer of influenza vaccination |
Vaccination coverage |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted no. | Recommended, offered, weighted % |
Recommended, no offer, weighted % |
No recommendation, weighted % |
Provider recommended, offered |
Provider recommended, no offer |
No recommendation |
||||
| Unweighted no. | Weighted % | Unweighted no. | Weighted % | Unweighted no. | Weighted % | |||||
|
Total
|
1,822
|
67.3
|
11.9
|
20.7
|
1,238
|
70.5
|
221
|
43.7
|
363
|
14.8
|
|
Age group (yrs)
| ||||||||||
| 18–24 |
408 |
61.0* |
10.6 |
28.3* |
249 |
65.2* |
46 |
26.7* |
113 |
14.8 |
| 25–34 |
1,074 |
69.1 |
12.6 |
18.3 |
746 |
72.6 |
136 |
49.6 |
192 |
14.5 |
| 35–49† |
340 |
71.1 |
11.7 |
17.2 |
243 |
71.1 |
39 |
46.9 |
58 |
15.8 |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||||||||
| Hispanic |
254 |
70.1 |
9.1 |
20.8 |
181 |
75.8* |
23 |
─§ |
50 |
21.5* |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
216 |
64.4 |
12.3 |
23.3 |
137 |
64.9* |
25 |
─§ |
54 |
9.8 |
| White, non-Hispanic† |
1,180 |
67.7 |
13.0 |
19.3 |
807 |
70.8 |
153 |
44.6 |
220 |
13.6 |
| Other, non-Hispanic |
172 |
64.1 |
12.2 |
23.7 |
113 |
65.7 |
20 |
─§ |
39 |
16.6 |
|
Education
| ||||||||||
| <College degree |
660 |
67.6 |
10.2 |
22.2 |
443 |
62.0* |
69 |
30.3* |
148 |
13.3* |
| College degree |
853 |
65.4* |
12.3 |
22.3 |
573 |
73.6* |
106 |
41.6* |
174 |
15.0* |
| >College degree† |
309 |
71.9 |
15.1 |
13.0 |
222 |
82.1 |
46 |
70.2 |
41 |
20.3 |
|
Married
| ||||||||||
| Yes† |
1,330 |
68.4 |
12.9 |
18.7 |
920 |
73.1 |
172 |
51.1 |
238 |
15.3 |
| No |
492 |
65.0 |
9.6 |
25.4 |
318 |
64.3* |
49 |
20.9* |
125 |
14.0 |
|
Insurance coverage
| ||||||||||
| Private/Military only† |
1,221 |
68.3 |
12.8 |
18.9 |
847 |
74.7 |
163 |
48.7 |
211 |
17.8 |
| Any public |
540 |
69.3 |
10.4 |
20.3 |
371 |
63.9* |
53 |
31.8* |
116 |
12.0* |
| No insurance |
61 |
30.2* |
9.8 |
60.0 |
20 |
─§ |
5 |
─§ |
36 |
6.2 |
|
Working status¶
| ||||||||||
| Yes† |
1,176 |
68.0 |
12.3 |
19.7 |
803 |
74.8 |
152 |
49.8 |
221 |
17.4 |
| No |
646 |
66.2 |
11.3 |
22.5 |
435 |
62.7* |
69 |
32.0* |
142 |
10.8* |
|
Poverty status**
| ||||||||||
| At or above poverty† |
1,624 |
66.7 |
12.3 |
21.0 |
1,099 |
73.0 |
203 |
46.9 |
322 |
14.5 |
| Below poverty |
197 |
72.2* |
8.9 |
18.9 |
138 |
54.1* |
18 |
─§ |
41 |
17.6 |
|
High-risk condition††
| ||||||||||
| Yes† |
724 |
75.1 |
10.3 |
14.6 |
546 |
75.3 |
74 |
48.5 |
104 |
14.1 |
| No |
1,098 |
62.2* |
13.0 |
24.8 |
692 |
66.7* |
147 |
41.3* |
259 |
15.1 |
|
Number of provider visits since July 2016
| ||||||||||
| 1–5 |
429 |
48.3* |
13.5 |
38.3 |
217 |
65.7* |
58 |
25.4* |
154 |
12.2* |
| 6–10 |
720 |
71.4 |
11.8 |
16.8 |
517 |
70.9 |
85 |
46.0* |
118 |
16.1 |
| >10† |
673 |
75.2 |
11.1 |
13.7 |
504 |
72.1 |
78 |
55.3 |
91 |
17.8 |
|
Attitude toward efficacy of influenza vaccination§§
| ||||||||||
| Positive† |
1,430 |
72.0 |
11.4 |
16.7 |
1,037 |
80.5 |
164 |
54.5 |
229 |
22.4 |
| Negative |
392 |
50.3* |
14.1 |
35.7 |
201 |
17.9* |
57 |
11.7* |
134 |
1.9* |
|
Attitude toward safety of influenza vaccination¶¶
| ||||||||||
| Positive† |
1,421 |
73.8 |
11.6 |
14.6 |
1,047 |
80.4 |
169 |
56.3 |
205 |
22.6 |
| Negative |
401 |
47.0* |
13.0 |
40.0 |
191 |
21.3* |
52 |
8.1* |
158 |
5.9* |
|
Attitude toward influenza infection***
| ||||||||||
| Concerned† |
1,182 |
70.1 |
11.5 |
18.4 |
839 |
74.5 |
139 |
50.7 |
204 |
17.7 |
| Not concerned | 640 | 62.3* | 12.8 | 25.0 | 399 | 62.5* | 82 | 32.4* | 159 | 11.0* |
* ≥5 percentage point difference compared with reference group.
† Reference group for comparisons within subgroups.
§ Vaccination coverage estimates were suppressed because sample size was <30.
¶ Persons who were employed for wages and self-employed were categorized as working. Those who were out of work, homemakers, students, retired, or unable to work were categorized as not working.
** As determined by the U.S. Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-thresholds.html). For 2016–17 season, below poverty = a total of annual family income <$24,339 for a family of four with two minors as of 2016.
†† Conditions associated with increased risk for serious medical complication from influenza, including chronic asthma, a lung condition other than asthma, a heart condition, diabetes, a kidney condition, a liver condition, obesity, or a weakened immune system caused by a chronic illness or by medicines taken for a chronic illness.
§§ Created based on two questions regarding attitudes toward influenza vaccination: “Flu vaccine is somewhat/very effective in preventing flu”; and “Flu vaccine a pregnant women received is somewhat/very effective in protecting her baby from the flu.” 1 point was given for each “yes” answer for either of the two questions. Respondents with a summary score of 1 or 2 were defined to have a “positive” attitude, and those with a summary score of 0 were defined to have a “negative” attitude.
¶¶ Created based on three questions regarding the safety of influenza vaccination: “Flu vaccination is somewhat/very/completely safe for most adult women”; “Flu vaccination is somewhat/very/completely safe for pregnant women”; and “Flu vaccination that a pregnant women receives is somewhat/very/completely safe for her baby.” 1 point was given for each “yes” answer for any of the three questions. Respondents who had a summary score of 2 or 3 were defined to have a “positive” attitude, and those with a summary score of 1 or less were defined to have a “negative” attitude.
*** Created based on response to three questions regarding attitude toward influenza infection: “If a pregnant women gets the flu, it is somewhat/very likely to harm the baby”; “Flu infection during pregnancy somewhat/very likely harm pregnant women”; and “Flu infection during pregnancy somewhat/very likely harm her baby.” 1 point was given for each “yes” answer for any of the three questions. Respondents who had a summary score of 2 or 3 were defined as “Concerned” and those with a summary score of 1 or less were defined as “Not concerned.”