Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation decreased Tfh-cell proportion in B6.lpr mice. B6.lpr mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), synovial fibroblasts (FLSs), or hUC-MSCs and were sacrificed 1 month after administration. (A) Relative gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and adrenomedullin in MSCs, FLSs, and human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HLFs). (B) Representative images of kidney H&E sections and IgG immunostaining, and histological scores for glomerular, interstitial, and perivascular lesions, according to H&E staining and fluorescence intensity of IgG deposition in glomeruli. (C) The frequencies of splenic Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tfh cells. (D) The frequencies of splenic plasma cells and levels of serum total IgG and anti-double stranded (ds)DNA antibody. (E) The correlation of the frequencies of splenic plasma cells with Tfh cells (n = 5 for each group). *p<0.05; **p<0.01. IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL-4, interleukin-4.