TABLE. Age-adjusted incidence* of acute lymphoblastic leukemia† in persons aged <20 years and annual percentage change (APC) in rates, by selected characteristics — United States,§ 2001–2014.
| Characteristic | No. | Incidence (95% CI) | APC¶ |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years | APC1 (95% CI) | Years | APC2 (95% CI) | Years | APC3 (95% CI) | |||
|
Overall
|
38,136
|
34.0 (33.6–34.3)
|
2001–2008
|
1.9 (0.5–3.3)**
|
2008–2014
|
-1.1 (-2.8–0.6) |
—††
|
—
|
|
Sex
| ||||||||
| Male |
21,871 |
38.0 (37.5–38.5) |
2001–2008 |
2.1 (0.5–3.7)** |
2008–2014 |
-1.5 (-3.3–0.4) |
— |
— |
| Female |
16,265 |
29.7 (29.2–30.1) |
2001–2003 |
-4.0 (-14.7–8.1) |
2003–2008 |
3.2 (-0.5–7.0) |
2008–2014 |
-1.0 (-2.9–0.9) |
|
Age group (yrs)
| ||||||||
| <1 |
1,009 |
18.4 (17.3–19.6) |
2001–2014 |
-1.5 (-3.3–0.3) |
—†† |
— |
— |
— |
| 1–4 |
16,388 |
75.2 (74.0–76.4) |
2001–2009 |
1.3 (-0.1–2.8) |
2009–2014 |
-2.4 (-5.2–0.5) |
— |
— |
| 5–9 |
9,535 |
34.8 (34.1–35.5) |
2001–2010 |
2.2 (1.3–3.2)** |
2010–2014 |
-1.7 (-4.6–1.3) |
— |
— |
| 10–14 |
6,201 |
21.6 (21.1–22.1) |
2001–2014 |
1.3 (0.5–2.1)** |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| 15–19 |
5,003 |
17.0 (16.5–17.5) |
2001–2014 |
0.4 (-0.5–1.3) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Race/Ethnicity§§
| ||||||||
| White |
21,843 |
34.2 (33.8–34.7) |
2001–2014 |
0.3 (-0.3–0.9) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Black |
3,129 |
18.7 (18.0–19.3) |
2001–2014 |
1.2 (-0.1–2.7) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Hispanic |
10,595 |
42.9 (42.1–43.7) |
2001–2008 |
2.5 (0.3–4.7)** |
2008–2014 |
-1.8 (-4.2–0.6) |
— |
— |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
350 |
30.2 (27.1–33.6) |
2001–2014 |
-1.9 (-4.2–0.5) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Asian/Pacific Islander |
1,765 |
31.6 (30.1–33.1) |
2001–2014 |
0.3 (-0.9–1.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
U.S. Census region¶¶
| ||||||||
| Northeast |
—*** |
34.8 (34.0–35.6) |
2001–2007 |
3.0 (0.2–6.0)** |
2007–2014 |
-1.6 (-3.7–0.7) |
— |
— |
| Midwest |
— |
32.4 (31.7–33.2) |
2001–2011 |
1.6 (0.6–2.6)** |
2011–2014 |
-5.4 (-11.4–1.0) |
— |
— |
| South |
— |
31.6 (31.0–32.1) |
2001–2003 |
-4.6 (-15.3–7.6) |
2003–2008 |
3.9 (0.2–7.7)** |
2008–2014 |
-1.3 (-3.2–0.5) |
| West |
— |
38.5 (37.8–39.3) |
2001–2014 |
0.4 (-0.3–1.1) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
County-level economic status by percentile (%)
| ||||||||
| Bottom 25 |
4,182 |
32.2 (31.2–33.2) |
2001–2014 |
1.4 (0.6–2.2)** |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| 25–75 |
22,141 |
33.9 (33.4–34.3) |
2001–2010 |
1.1 (0.2–2.1)** |
2010–2014 |
-2.4 (-5.5–0.9) |
— |
— |
| Top 25 |
10,646 |
34.9 (34.2–35.6) |
2001–2008 |
2.9 (0.7–5.1)** |
2008–2014 |
-1.5 (-4.0–1.1) |
— |
— |
|
Urban/Rural status
| ||||||||
| Metropolitan area ≥1 million population |
21,690 |
35.7 (35.3–36.2) |
2001–2008 |
2.7 (1.2–4.2)** |
2008–2014 |
-1.6 (-3.4–0.2) |
— |
— |
| Metropolitan area 250,000 to <1 million population |
8,134 |
34.4 (33.7–35.2) |
2001–2011 |
0.8 (-0.4–2.1) |
2011–2014 |
-4.4 (-11.8–3.7) |
— |
— |
| Metropolitan area <250,000 population |
3,302 |
33.8 (32.7–35.0) |
2001–2014 |
0.6 (-0.3–1.5) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Nonmetropolitan counties | 4,962 | 32.9 (32.0–33.9) | 2001–2014 | 0.9 (0.0–1.8) | — | — | — | — |
Source: CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.
Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.
* Per 1 million persons, age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.
† Cases included International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition codes (9728–9729, 9811–9818, 9835–9837) as grouped by the International Classification of Childhood Cancer.
§ Incidence data are compiled from cancer registries that meet the data quality criteria for all years during 2001–2014 (covering approximately 98% of the U.S. population). Registry-specific data quality information is available at https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/uscs/data/00_data_quality.htm. Characteristic values with unknown, other, missing, or blank results are not included in this table.
¶ Trends were measured with APC in rates and were considered to increase or decrease if p<0.05; otherwise trends were considered stable. Trends were calculated using joinpoint regression, which allowed for different slopes in as many as three different periods, represented by APC1, APC2, and APC3, as applicable. The duration in years of APC1, APC2, and APC3 varied by study characteristic depending on joinpoint regression calculation. APC was not calculated if case count was <16 cases in any 1 year.
** p<0.05.
†† Trend adequately described during 2001–2014 by previous APC columns.
§§ White, black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander persons are non-Hispanic. Hispanic persons might be of any race.
¶¶ Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
*** Number counts suppressed per United States Cancer Statistics complementary cell suppression rules: counts for national and regional data must be suppressed if a single state in a region or division is suppressed.