TABLE 1. Estimated vaccination coverage* for MMR, DTaP, and varicella vaccines among children enrolled in kindergarten, by vaccine and immunization program — United States and territories, 2016–2017 school year.
| Immunization program | Kindergarten population† | No. (%) surveyed | Type of survey conducted§ | Local data available online¶ | % |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMR** |
DTaP†† |
Varicella |
||||||
| 2 doses | 5 doses | 1 dose | 2 doses | |||||
| Median§§ |
94.0 | 94.5 | 96.5 | 93.8 | ||||
| Alabama¶¶ |
58,394 |
58,394 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
≥93.8 |
≥93.8 |
≥93.8 |
NReq |
| Alaska***,††† |
9,815 |
747 (7.6) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
No |
89.0 |
89.1 |
NA |
88.9 |
| Arizona¶¶ |
83,627 |
83,627 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
94.0 |
93.9 |
96.7 |
NReq |
| Arkansas§§§ |
39,666 |
30,091 (75.9) |
Voluntary response |
No |
91.9 |
89.2 |
NA |
91.7 |
| California§§§ |
575,305 |
562,924 (97.8) |
Census |
Yes |
97.3 |
96.9 |
98.5 |
NReq |
| Colorado¶¶ |
64,440 |
64,440 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
87.3 |
86.8 |
NA |
86.1 |
| Connecticut¶¶ |
39,002 |
39,002 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
96.7 |
96.7 |
NA |
96.5 |
| Delaware |
11,490 |
1,066 (9.3) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
No |
98.5 |
98.7 |
NA |
98.2 |
| District of Columbia¶¶ |
8,522 |
8,522 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
85.6 |
82.2 |
NA |
84.6 |
| Florida¶¶,*** |
224,463 |
224,463 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
≥94.1 |
≥94.1 |
NA |
≥94.1 |
| Georgia¶¶ |
136,165 |
136,165 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
≥93.3 |
≥93.3 |
NA |
≥93.3 |
| Hawaii |
16,325 |
1,093 (6.7) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
No |
93.5 |
93.3 |
95.3 |
NReq |
| Idaho¶¶ |
22,589 |
22,589 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
89.9 |
89.8 |
NA |
89.1 |
| Illinois |
151,309 |
147,857 (97.7) |
Census |
No |
94.9 |
95.0 |
NA |
94.5 |
| Indiana |
83,263 |
66,885 (80.3) |
Voluntary response |
Yes |
88.9 |
92.1 |
NA |
87.9 |
| Iowa¶¶ |
39,587 |
39,587 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
≥92.6 |
≥92.6 |
NA |
≥92.6 |
| Kansas***,†††,§§§ |
38,298 |
8,789 (22.9) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
Yes |
89.5 |
88.7 |
NA |
88.8 |
| Kentucky***,§§§ |
51,487 |
47,814 (92.9) |
Census |
Yes |
90.8 |
92.5 |
NA |
90.4 |
| Louisiana¶¶ |
55,257 |
55,257 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
97.1 |
98.0 |
NA |
96.5 |
| Maine |
13,834 |
12,462 (90.1) |
Voluntary response (public), census (private) |
Yes |
94.9 |
96.3 |
96.7 |
NReq |
| Maryland§§§ |
71,467 |
70,106 (98.1) |
Census |
No |
99.3 |
99.6 |
NA |
99.0 |
| Massachusetts¶¶,§§§ |
70,109 |
70,109 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
96.1 |
96.1 |
NA |
95.7 |
| Michigan¶¶ |
118,777 |
118,777 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
95.6 |
95.8 |
NA |
95.3 |
| Minnesota*** |
69,140 |
66,861 (96.7) |
Census |
Yes |
92.8 |
93.2 |
NA |
92.3 |
| Mississippi¶¶ |
40,509 |
40,509 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
≥99.4 |
≥99.4 |
NA |
≥99.4 |
| Missouri¶¶ |
73,355 |
73,355 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
95.4 |
95.5 |
NA |
95.1 |
| Montana¶¶ |
11,956 |
11,956 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
93.8 |
93.9 |
NA |
92.9 |
| Nebraska¶¶,§§§,¶¶¶ |
27,117 |
27,117 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
96.7 |
97.2 |
NA |
95.8 |
| Nevada |
36,885 |
1,348 (3.7) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
No |
90.9 |
90.0 |
NA |
90.5 |
| New Hampshire¶¶ |
12,145 |
12,145 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
≥91.5 |
≥91.5 |
NA |
≥91.5 |
| New Jersey¶¶ |
109,577 |
109,577 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
≥96.5 |
≥96.5 |
≥96.5 |
NReq |
| New Mexico |
27,119 |
1,214 (4.5) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
No |
95.5 |
94.8 |
NA |
94.6 |
| New York (including New York City)¶¶ |
227,050 |
227,035 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
97.3 |
96.9 |
NA |
96.9 |
| New York City¶¶ |
102,374 |
102,374 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
97.7 |
97.0 |
NA |
97.2 |
| North Carolina***,§§§ |
126,454 |
111,544 (88.2) |
Voluntary response |
No |
96.2 |
96.1 |
NA |
95.9 |
| North Dakota |
9,799 |
9,675 (98.7) |
Census |
Yes |
93.8 |
93.8 |
NA |
93.5 |
| Ohio |
137,542 |
131,385 (95.5) |
Census |
No |
92.6 |
92.4 |
NA |
91.9 |
| Oklahoma§§§,**** |
52,184 |
48,453 (92.9) |
Census |
No |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NReq |
| Oregon¶¶,§§§ |
45,705 |
45,705 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
93.8 |
93.2 |
95.0 |
NReq |
| Pennsylvania |
143,888 |
121,405 (84.4) |
Voluntary response |
Yes |
93.6 |
NReq†††† |
NA |
94.6 |
| Rhode Island***,§§§ |
11,100 |
10,920 (98.4) |
Census |
Yes |
95.1 |
95.6 |
NA |
94.8 |
| South Carolina |
59,177 |
5,277 (8.9) |
Stratified 1-stage cluster sample |
No |
96.0 |
96.2 |
NA |
95.7 |
| South Dakota |
12,106 |
12,081 (99.8) |
Census |
Yes |
96.7 |
96.4 |
NA |
95.4 |
| Tennessee¶¶,*** |
78,169 |
78,169 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
96.9 |
96.8 |
NA |
96.7 |
| Texas (including Houston)***,§§§ |
389,999 |
386,149 (99.0) |
Census |
Yes |
97.3 |
97.2 |
NA |
96.6 |
| Houston***,§§§ |
42,086 |
40,802 (96.9) |
Census (public), voluntary response (private) |
No |
96.1 |
96.1 |
NA |
95.7 |
| Utah¶¶ |
49,073 |
49,073 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
93.8 |
93.7 |
NA |
94.6 |
| Vermont¶¶ |
6,344 |
6,344 (100.0) |
Census |
Yes |
93.6 |
93.5 |
NA |
92.5 |
| Virginia††† |
102,357 |
4,051 (4.0) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
Yes |
94.1 |
98.2 |
NA |
92.7 |
| Washington*** |
87,142 |
85,601 (98.2) |
Census |
Yes |
90.5 |
90.8 |
NA |
89.3 |
| West Virginia*** |
28,666 |
19,074 (66.5) |
Census (public), voluntary response (private) |
No |
95.9 |
95.7 |
NA |
92.6 |
| Wisconsin***,†††,§§§ |
67,607 |
1,472 (2.2) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
Yes |
94.0 |
96.6 |
NA |
92.8 |
| Wyoming |
NA |
NA |
Not conducted |
No |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
| Guam |
2,703 |
703 (26.0) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
No |
90.3 |
93.5 |
NReq |
NReq |
| Marshall Islands |
1,248 |
1,248 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
87.3 |
72.8 |
NReq |
NReq |
| Federated States of Micronesia (Kosrae) |
194 |
194 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
88.7 |
91.8 |
NReq |
NReq |
| Federated States of Micronesia (Yap) |
400 |
400 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
91.3 |
92.0 |
NReq |
NReq |
| N. Mariana Islands¶¶ |
865 |
865 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
89.8 |
75.3 |
NA |
88.0 |
| Palau¶¶,¶¶¶ |
333 |
333 (100.0) |
Census |
No |
59.8 |
64.9 |
NReq |
NReq |
| Puerto Rico |
23,142 |
1,384 (6.0) |
Stratified 2-stage cluster sample |
No |
96.2 |
96.1 |
NA |
95.9 |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 1,244 | 505 (40.6) | Stratified 2-stage cluster sample | No | 88.9 | 88.5 | NA | 88.1 |
Abbreviations: DTaP = diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine; MMR = measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; NA = not available (i.e., not collected or reported to CDC); NReq = not required for school entry.
* Estimates were adjusted for nonresponse and weighted for sampling where appropriate. Estimates based on a completed vaccination series (i.e., not vaccine-specific) use the “≥” symbol. Coverage might include history of disease or laboratory evidence of immunity.
† The kindergarten population is an approximation provided by each program.
§ Sample designs varied by state/area: census = program attempted to include all schools (public and private),and all children within schools in the assessment, and had a student response rate of ≥90%; 1-stage or 2-stage cluster sample = schools were randomly selected, and all children in the selected schools were assessed (1-stage) or a random sample of children within the schools was selected (2-stage); voluntary response = a census with a student response rate of <90% (does not imply that participation was optional).
¶ Some programs publish kindergarten vaccination data online that are more detailed than the state-level estimates in this table. Examples of more detailed data include county, parish, school district, and school-level estimates.
** MMR is the only measles containing vaccine available in the United States. Most states require 2 doses of MMR; Alaska, New Jersey, and Oregon require 2 doses of measles, 1 dose of mumps, and 1 dose of rubella vaccines. Georgia, New York, New York City, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia require 2 doses of measles and mumps, 1 dose of rubella vaccines. Iowa requires 2 doses of measles and 2 doses of rubella vaccines.
†† Pertussis vaccination coverage might include some diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and pertussis vaccine (DTP) vaccinations if administered in another country or by a vaccination provider who continued to use DTP after 2000. Most states require 5 doses of DTaP for school entry; Illinois, Maryland, Virginia, and Wisconsin require 4 doses; Nebraska requires 3 doses. Pennsylvania does not require pertussis vaccine. The reported coverage estimates represent the percentage of kindergartners with the state-required number of DTaP doses, except for Kentucky, which requires ≥5 but reports ≥4 doses of DTaP.
§§ Medians calculated from data from 48 states and the District of Columbia (i.e., does not include Oklahoma, Wyoming, Houston, New York City, Guam, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, N. Mariana Islands, Palau, Puerto Rico, or U.S. Virgin Islands). Coverage data were reported for 3,973,172 kindergartners.
¶¶ The proportion surveyed likely was <100%, but is reported as 100% based on incomplete information about the actual current enrollment.
*** Did not include some types of schools, such as online schools or those located in military bases or correctional facilities.
††† Kindergarten vaccination coverage data were collected from a sample, and exemption data were collected from a census of kindergartners.
§§§ Counted some or all vaccine doses received regardless of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended age and time interval; vaccination coverage rates reported might be higher than those for valid doses.
¶¶¶ For Nebraska, estimates represent coverage among children in kindergarten and first grade. For Palau, estimates represent coverage among children in first grade.
**** Reported public school data only.
†††† Pertussis vaccine is not required in Pennsylvania. Coverage for tetanus and diphtheria toxoids was 94.8%.