Figure 2. Differences in total lean, appendicular lean, and total fat mass between the HF vs. non-HF groups*.

A: Male participants with HF group developed significantly greater losses in total lean mass than and appendicular lean than non-HF over time. When data are indexed to annual changes of total mass per year, the loss of appendicular lean associated with HF vs. non-HF remained significant. Total fat decreased HF and non-HF before and after annualized weight changes were considered with no significant differences between the groups. B: Female participants with HF also developed greater losses of total lean mass and appendicular lean compared to non-HF. However, once annualized weight changes were considered, the loss of total lean mass and appendicular lean were no longer greater among those with HF. Total fat decreased HF and non-HF before and after annualized weight changes were considered with no significant differences between the groups. *Starting DXA values in controls were based on the initial Health ABC study scans and starting DXA values for cases were based on the most recent yearly scan before the incident HF event. Time 0 for controls was study entry and time 0 in cases was the date of first HF hospitalization, which accounts for differences in the time between the HF event and subsequent DXAs. DXA–Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry. HF–Heart Failure