Table 3.

DXA changes over time in participants with incident HF, subdivided by sex

	Men				Women
	Model 1*		Model 2†		Model 1*		Model 2†
	Beta (SE)*	P-value	Beta (SE)	P-value	Beta (SE)	P-value	Beta (SE)	P-value
Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry‡
• Total Mass Change, g	−444.3 (225.6)	0.05	-	-	−313.3 (231.8)	0.18	-	-
• Lean Mass Change, g	−263.2 (110.4)	0.02	−99.8 (72.1)	0.17	−181.0 (90.8)	0.04	−16.7 (62.5)	0.79
• Appendicular Lean Mass Change, g	−176.3 (59.9)	<0.01	−101.7 (44.7)	0.02	−105.0 (48.2)	0.03	7.7 (36.6)	0.83
• Fat Mass Change, g	−184.3 (155.7)	0.24	103.7 (83.9)	0.22	−197.6 (176.1)	0.26	46.3 (90.4)	0.61
• Percent Fat Mass Change, %	−0.10 (0.13)	0.36	0.10 (0.09)	0.28	−0.15 (0.14)	0.28	0.03 (0.10)	0.79

DXA measurements were assessed at baseline and repeated annually for 5 years. Starting DXA values for controls was study entry and the DXA immediately prior to HF for cases. Each subsequent DXA was used to calculate rate of change. Time 0 for controls was study entry and time 0 in cases was the date of first HF hospitalization, which accounts for differences in the time between the HF event and subsequent DXAs. Regression coefficients are for the interaction of HF * time and represent differences in yearly changes between cases and controls

DXA–Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry; HF–Heart Failure

^*Model 1 – adjusted for age, race, site, baseline: smoking, alcohol consumption, education, BMI, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic kidney dysfunction, depression, low Teng mini mental score and physical activity main effects and time interactions in mixed models

^†Model 2 – Model 1 additionally adjusted for annualized rate of change in total body mass

^‡Random Slopes and Intercepts Mixed Model with total, lean, or fat mass or percent fat by time interaction as outcome