Table 1.
Factors associated with use of on-site detoxification services at a supervised injection facility (SIF) at baseline among 1316 people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada (2010–2012).
| Characteristic | Yes n (%)n = 75 | No n (%)n = 1241 | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p - value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 43 (39 – 48) | 47 (40 – 52) | 0.006 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 50 (66.7) | 833 (67.1) | 0.98 (0.60 – 1.61) | 0.935 |
| Female | 25 (33.3) | 408 (32.9) | ||
| Ancestry | ||||
| White | 48 (64.0) | 729 (58.7) | 1.25 (0.77 – 2.03) | 0.369 |
| Non-White | 27 (36.0) | 512 (41.3) | ||
| HIV serostatus† | ||||
| Positive | 23 (30.7) | 539 (43.4) | 0.58 (0.35 – 0.95) | 0.030 |
| Negative | 52 (69.3) | 702 (56.6) | ||
| HCV serostatus† | ||||
| Positive | 68 (90.7) | 1116 (89.9) | 1.09 (0.49 – 2.42) | 0.836 |
| Negative | 7 (9.3) | 125 (10.1) | ||
| Unstable housing† | ||||
| Yes | 60 (80.0) | 744 (60.0) | 2.63 (1.48 – 4.69) | 0.001 |
| No | 15 (20.0) | 490 (40.0) | ||
| Home residence† | ||||
| <5 blocks from SIF | 35 (46.7) | 439 (35.4) | 1.58 (0.99 – 2.53) | 0.053 |
| ≥5 blocks from SIF | 40 (53.3) | 794 (64.0) | ||
| Sex work involvement† | ||||
| Yes | 10 (13.3) | 92 (7.4) | 1.95 (0.97 – 3.92) | 0.057 |
| No | 64 (85.3) | 1147 (92.4) | ||
| Methadone maintenance therapy† | ||||
| Yes | 43 (57.3) | 664 (53.5) | 1.20 (0.75 – 1.94) | 0.445 |
| No | 31 (41.3) | 576 (46.4) | ||
| Daily heroin injection† | ||||
| Yes | 30 (40.0) | 135 (10.9) | 5.46 (3.33 – 8.96) | <0.001 |
| No | 45 (60.0) | 1105 (89.0) | ||
| Daily methamphetamine injection† | ||||
| Yes | 1 (1.3) | 38 (3.1) | 0.43 (0.06 – 3.16) | 0.391 |
| No | 74 (98.7) | 1202 (96.9) | ||
| Daily cocaine injection† | ||||
| Yes | 14 (18.7) | 60 (4.8) | 4.51 (2.39 – 8.51) | <0.001 |
| No | 61 (81.3) | 1178 (94.9) | ||
| Public injection† | ||||
| Yes | 36 (48.0) | 178 (14.3) | 5.51 (3.41 – 8.90) | <0.001 |
| No | 39 (52.0) | 1062 (85.6) | ||
| Binge injection† | ||||
| Yes | 33 (44.0) | 222 (17.9) | 3.60 (2.23 – 5.80) | <0.001 |
| No | 42 (56.0) | 1016 (81.9) | ||
| Non-fatal overdose† | ||||
| Yes | 9 (12.0) | 40 (3.2) | 4.09 (1.91 – 8.79) | <0.001 |
| No | 66 (88.0) | 1201 (96.8) | ||
| Syringe sharing† | ||||
| Yes | 4 (5.4) | 31 (2.5) | 2.23 (0.77 – 6.49) | 0.132 |
| No | 70 (94.6) | 1209 (97.4) | ||
| Require help injecting† | ||||
| Yes | 15 (20.0) | 112 (9.0) | 2.52 (1.38 – 4.58) | 0.002 |
| No | 60 (80.0) | 1128 (90.9) | ||
| Difficulty accessing needles† | ||||
| Yes | 5 (6.7) | 47 (3.8) | 1.83 (0.71 – 4.76) | 0.206 |
| No | 69 (93.2) | 1189 (95.8) | ||
| Frequent SIF use† | ||||
| Yes | 45 (60.8) | 154 (12.4) | 10.88 (6.63 – 17.88) | <0.001 |
| No | 29 (39.2) | 1080 (87.5) | ||
†
Denotes activities in the previous six months
IQR= Interquartile range; SIF= supervised injection facility; HIV= human immunodeficiency virus; HCV= Hepatitis C.