Table 2.
Operative data
| Variable | Total, n = 1000 | First 10 yr, 1993-2002 | Second 10 yr, 2003-2012 | Last 5 yr, 2013-2017 | P-value |
| Cirrhosis | 129 (12.9) | 28 (9.3) | 62 (14) | 39 (15.1) | 0.009 |
| Mass size in cm | 3 (0.5-15) | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| < 2 | 418 (41.8) | 123 (41) | 174 (39.4) | 123 (46.9) | 0.14 |
| > 2 | 582 (58.2) | 177 (59) | 268 (60.6) | 137 (53.1) | |
| Pancreatic texture | |||||
| Soft | 596 (59.6) | 190 (63.3) | 263 (59.5) | 143 (55.4) | 0.23 |
| Firm | 404 (40.4) | 110 (36.7) | 179 (40.5) | 115 (44.6) | |
| Median pancreatic duct diameter in mm | 5 (1-15) | 0.47 | |||
| < 3 | 313 (31.3) | 97(32.3) | 137 (30.9) | 79 (30.6) | |
| > 3 | 687 (68.7) | 20367.7) | 305 (60.1) | 179 (69.4) | |
| Pancreatic duct to posterior border in mm | 0.45 | ||||
| < 3 | 421 (42.1) | 128 (42.7) | 185 (41.9) | 108 (41.9) | |
| > 3 | 579 (57.9) | 172 (57.3) | 257 (58.1) | 150 (58.1) | |
| Pancreatic stump mobilization in cm | 2 (1-4) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.45 |
| CBD diameter in mm | 15 (5-30) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 0.06 |
| Type of reconstruction | |||||
| PG | 791 (79.1) | 235 (78.3) | 417 (94.3) | 139 (53.9) | 0.0001 |
| Simple PJ | 163 (16.3) | 65 (21.7) | 25 (5.7) | 73 (28.3) | |
| Isolated loop PJ | 46 (4.6) | 0 | 0 | 46 (17.8) | |
| Duct to mucosa | 134 (13.4) | 9 (3) | 65 (14.7) | 60 (23.3) | |
| Invaginated type with duct to mucosa | 644 (64.4) | 234 (78) | 250 (65.6) | 160 (62) | 0.0001 |
| Invaginated type without duct to mucosa | 221 (22.1) | 57 (19) | 126 (28.5) | 38 (14.7) | |
| No anastomosis | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | |
| Standard approach | 908 (90.8) | 277 (92.3) | 388 (87.8) | 243 (94.7) | 0.004 |
| Posterior approach | 92 (9.2) | 23 (7.7) | 54 (12.2) | 15 (5.8) | |
| Complete meso-pancreatectomy | 574 (57.4) | 83 (27.7) | 233 (52.7) | 258 (100) | 0.0001 |
| Laparoscopic assisted PD | 11 (1.1) | 0 | 0 | 11 (4.3) | 0.0001 |
| Complete laparoscopic PD | 10 (1) | 0 | 0 | 10 (3.9) | |
| Vascular resection | 12 (1.2) | 0 | 4 (0.9) | 8 (3.1) | 0.003 |
| Primary anastomosis | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.7) | 8 (3.1) | |
| Gortex | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | |
| Operative time in h | 5 (3.5-10) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 0.001 |
| Blood loss in cc | 500 (50-4000) | 500 | 400 | 300 | 0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%) or n (range). PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; PG: Pancreaticogastrostomy; PJ: Pancreaticojejunostomy.